Wood Bison/Canadian Herds

From Wildbison

Agriculture Canada (1989) A proposed course of action to replace disease exposed bison in northern Canada with disease-free wood bison in Compendium of government submissions and technical specialist reports in response to the Panel information requirements document.Fed. Environ. Assess. Rev. Office, Environment Canada. Pages: 9-40

Aniskowicz, B.T. (1990a.) Life or death? Nature Canada, Spring:35-38.

Aniskowicz, B.T. (199Ob) The future of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. Submission to the Northern Diseased Bison Environmental Assessment Panel, 25 January 1990, Edmonton. Available at FEARO, 510 - 750 Cambie Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 2P2.

Anonymous. 1987. The increasing significance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in bison in the Wood Buffalo National Park Region. Can. Vet. J. 28: 102

Asch, M. (1990) The future of hunting and trapping and economic development in Alberta’s North: Some facts and myths about inevitability. In: McCormack, P.A., and Ironside, R.Ge.,d s. Proceedings of the Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion Bicentennial Conference. Edmonton: Boreal Institute for Northern Studies, University of Alberta. Occasional Publication No. 28:25-29.

Banfield, A. W. F., & Novakowski, N. S. (1960) The survival of the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads) in the Northwest Territories.Nat. Mus. Can. Nat. Hist. Papers 8:1-6.

Bayrock, L.A. and J.M. Hillerud. (1964) New data on Bison bison athabascae Rhoads. J. Mammal. 45:630-632.

Berg, R.T. 1989. Report to the Northern Diseased Bison Environmental Review Panel on bison genetics. Unpubl. report. Available at FEARO51, 0 - 750 Cambie Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 2P2.

Bergeson, D. (1992). A Comparative Assessment of Management Problems Associated with the Free Roaming Bison in Prince Albert National Park. Natural Resources Institute .Winnipeg, MB, University of Manitoba*: *144.

Bison Disease Task Force. 1988. Evaluation of brucellosis and tuberculosis in bison in northern Canada. Prepared for the Bison Disease Steering Committee. Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Office, Government of Canada, Ottowa. pp. 4-3 to 4-33, 4-71 to 4-73

Bork, A. (1987) Genetic analysis of wood and plains bison by restriction fragment polymorphisms. pp. 47. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom,ed.)

BORK, A.M., SALMON, R.K., and HUDSON, R.J. 1988. Progress report. Determination of the genetic relationships between wood and plains bison. Unpubl. paper. Available at the Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G

Bork, A.M., C.M. Strobeck, F.C. Yeh, R.J. Hudson, and R.K. Salmon. (1991) Genetic relationship of wood and plains bison based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Can. J. Zool. 69:43-48.

Bradley, Mark, Wilmshurst, John. (2005). The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003. Canadian Journal of Zoology; Sep2005, Vol. 83 Issue 9, p1195-1205

Broughton, E. (1987) Diseases Affecting Bison. Bison Ecology in Relation to Agricultural Development in The Slave River Lowlands, NWT. Canadian Wildlife Service, occaisonal Paper 63

Bulmer, W.S. 1989. Canada's captive wild ungulate program. Proc. Ann. Mtg. U.S.A.H.A. 93: 595-598

Calef, G.W. (1984) Population Growth in an Introduced Herd of Wood Bison. Northern Ecology and Resource Management. University of Alberta Press. pp.183-200

Campbell, C., I. D. Campbell, C. B. Blyth, and J. H. McAndrews. (1994) Bison extirpation may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada. Ecography 17(4): 360-362.

CANADIAN PARKS SERVICE. 1989a. Briefing note. Press line. Northern diseased bison issue Wood Buffalo National Park. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Canadian Parks Service. 1989b. Management directive 2.4.5. File C-4074-0. Natural Resources Branch. Available at Parks Canada4, 57 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 3E8. Canada. Department of the Interior. (1923) Canada's Wild Buffalo, Observations in Wood Buffalo NP.

Canada. Department of the Interior. (1925) Marked Sucess in Shipping Buffalo North. Natural Resources Canada. December, 4(12):1-2

Canada. Department of the Interior. (1926) Bringing Back the Buffalo. Canadian National Parks Branch. Government Printing Office. Ottawa.

Canada. Department of the Interior. (1928) Canada Records Further Success with Buffalo (Over 6000 Shipped North). Natural Resources Canada. July, 7(7):1,3

Canada. Department of Mines and Resources. (1939) Canada and the Buffalo. National Parks Bureau.

Carbyn, L.N. (1968) Summary of Observations Obtained from Bison Surveys in the MacKenzie Bison Sanctuary near Fort Providence, NWT. Canadian Wildlife Service Report.

Carbyn, L.N., and T. Trottier (1987). Responses of Bison on Their Calving Grounds to Predation by Wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2072-2078.

Carbyn, L.N. and T.Trottier. (1988). Description of wolf attacks on bison calves in Wood Buffalo National Park. Arctic 41:297-302.

Carbyn, L.N., Huisman, D., Street, E., and Anions, D. (1989) An analysis of the decline of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park from 1971 to 1981 and a review of the status to 1989. Unpubl. report. Available from L.N. Carbyn, Canadian Wildlife Service, 5320 - 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3S5.

Carbyn, L.N., S.M. Oosenbrug, and D.W. Anions. (1993). Wolves, bison and the dynamics related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada’s Wood Buffalo National Park. Can. Circumpolar Res. Ser. No. 4, Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. 270 pp.

Carbyn, L. N., Lunn, and K. Timoney. (1998) Trends in the distribution and abundance of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26(3): 463-470.

Carbyn, L.N., Watson, D. (2001) Translocation of Plains Bison to Wood Buffalo National Park: Economic and Conservation Implications. Large Mammal Restoration. Island Press. pp.189-204

Chisholm, J., Comin, l., Unka, T. (1998) Consensus-based Research to Assist with Bison Management in Wood Buffalo National Park. International Symposium on Bison Ecology and Herd Management in North America. Montana State University.

CHOQUETTE, L.P.E., and STEWART, R.C. 1959. Data on the slaughter, reproduction and health of bison at Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Wildlife Service Report on Studies on Bison in Canada - 1959. Ottawa:Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources.

Choquette, L.P.E. 1961. Diseases and parasites of bison. In: Canadian Wildlife Service Research Progress Report, 1961. Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Ottawa, pp. 42-43. (Used with the permission of the Minister of Supply and Services, Canada, 1992).

Choquette, L.P.E., J.F. Gallivan, J.L. Byrne & J. Pilipavicius. 1961. Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada I. Tuberculosis and some other pathological conditions in bison at Wood Buffalo and Elk Island National Parks in the fall and winter of 1959-1960. Can. Vet. J. 2: 168-174.

CHOQUETTE, L.P.E., and BROUGHTON, E. 1967. Anthrax in bison, Wood Buffalo National Park and the Northwest Territories. Report for the year 1967. Bison Reports and Anthrax, Vol. 7. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Choquette, L.P.E., E. Broughton, A.A. Currier, J.G. Cousinaeu and N.S. Novakowski (1972). Parasites and Disease of Bison in Canada. III. Anthrax Outbreaks in the Last Decade in Northern Canada and Control Measures. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 86:127-132.

Cooper, S. (1974) Bison range Situation and Flooding in the Peace-Athabasca Delta. Parks Canada Report.

Corner, A. H.and Robert Connell. 1958. Brucellosis In Bison, Elk, and Moose In Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1958 January; 22(1): 9-20, 21

ENVIRONMENT CANADA. 1990. Environment Canada submission to the Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Panel on Northern Dis-eased Bison. Ottawa: Environment Canada.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PANEL (EAP). 1990. Northern diseased bison. Report of the Environmental Assessment Panel. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.

FEARO (1990) Northern Diseased Bison Report of the Environmental Assessment Panel under the Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Process. Government of Canada

Ferguson, T.A. 1989. Native perspectives on the northern diseased bison issue: An outline. A report presented to the Northern Diseased Bison Environmental Assessment Panel. Available at FEARO, 510 - 750 Cambie Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 2P2.

Ferguson, T.A. 1990. The “Jarvis Proof‘: Management of bison, management of bison hunters, and the development of a literary tradition. In: McCormack, P.A.,and Ironside, R.G., eds. Proceedings of the Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion Bicentennial Conference. Edmonton: Boreal Institute for Northern Studies. Occasional Paper No. 28:299-304.

Ferguson, T.A., and F. Laviolette. 1992. A note on historical mortality in a northern bison population. Arctic 45(1): 47-50.

Ferguson, T. (1993) Wood Bison and the Early Fur Trade. The Uncovered Past:Roots of Northern Alberta Societies, ed P.McCormack and R. Ironside. Circumpolar Institute.

Foster, J. E. (19920 The metis and the end of the plains buffalo in Alberta. In Buffalo. Edited by J. E. Foster, D. Harrison, and I. S. MacLaren. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press. pp. 61-77.

Fuller, W.A. (1950) Aerial Census of Northern Bison in Wood Buffalo National Park and Vicinity. Journal of Wildlife Management 14. pp.445-451

Fuller, W.A. 1951b. Progress report on bison investigators and plans for future study. April 1951. Bison Reports, Vol. 4, No. 6. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Fuller, W.A. 1951c. Progress report in bison study. Bison Reports, Vol. 4, No. 7. Available atW BNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Fuller, W.A. 1955. Fertility of bison in Wood Buffalo Park. No. 1, 1960. Bison Reports, Vol. 8, No. 15. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Fuller, W.A. (1960) Behaviour and Social Organization of the Wild Bison of Wood Buffalo National Park`, Canada. Arctic 13, no.1. pp-13-19

Fuller, W.A. (1966) The Biology and Management of Bison of Wood Buffalo National Park. Wildlife Management Bulletin. Ser.1, No.16

Gainer, B. (1986) Age specific mortality associated with native hunting of bison. Alberta Nat. 16:136.

Gates, C., R. Stephenson, H. Reynolds, C. van Zyll de Jong, H. Schwantje, M. Hoefs, J. Nishi, N. Cool, J. Chisholm, A. James, and B. Koonz. (2001). National Recovery Plan for the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae). National Recovery Plan No. 21. Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife (RENEW). Ottawa., Ontario.

Gates, C.C., J. Mitchell, J. Wierzchowski and L. Giles. (2001). A landscape evaluation of bison movements and distribution in Northern Canada. Axys Environmental Consulting Ltd., Calgary, Alberta. 113 pp.

Gates, C., T. Chowns, and H. Reynolds. (1992) Wood buffalo at the crossroads. In Buffalo. Edited by J. E. Foster, D. Harrison, and I. S. MacLaren. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press. pp. 139-165.

Geist, V. (1991) Phantom subspecies: the wood bison Bison bison "athabascae" Rhoads 1897 is not a valid taxon, but an ecotype. Arctic 44:283-300.

Geist, V. 1990. Agriculture versus bison in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park. Conservation Biology 4:345-346.

GEIST, V. 1990. Northern diseased bison: A rebuttal of Agriculture Canada’s arguments to eliminate bison from Wood Buffalo National Park. Submission to the Northern Diseased Bison Environmental Assessment Panel. Available at FEARO, 510- 750 Cambie Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 2P2.

Geist, V. and P. Karsten. (1977) The wood bison (Bison bison athabascae, Rhoads) in relation to hypotheses on the origin of the American bison (Bison bison; Linnaeus). Z Saugetierk. 42:119-127.

Gibbins H. Industry, Aboriginal communities and Sustainable Development: the Syncrude /Fort McKay Wood Bison Project. (2002) Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Graham, Maxwell. 1923. Canada’s wild buffalo. Observations in the Wood Buffalo Park 1922. Ottawa. F.A. Acland, King’s Printer.

Graham, M. 1924. Finding range for Canada’s buffalo. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 38(10):189.

Haigh, J.C. and C.C. Gates (1995). Capture of Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae) Using Carfentanil-Based Mixtures. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 31(1): 37-42.

Hamilton, S. (2004) Estimates of Winter Carrying Capacity for Bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. Thesis. University of Alberta.

Hickey C., Boutin S., Gates C., van Kooten C. (2004) An Integrated Resource Management Proposal for the Special Management Area in North-Central Alberta. Sustainable Forest Management Network

Joly, D., F.A. Leighton and F. Messier. 1998. Tuberculosis and brucellosis infection of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada: preliminary results. Pp. 23-31 in International Symposium on Bison Ecology and Management in North America. (Irby, L. and J. Knight, eds.). Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 395 pp.

Joly, D.O., and F. Messier. 2000. A numerical response of wolves to bison abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1101–1104.

Joly, D.O. and F. Messier. 2001. Limiting effects of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis on wood bison within Wood Buffalo National Park. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3. Final Report, March 2001. Submitted to: Wood Buffalo National Park, Heritage Canada, Box 750, Fort Smith, NT, X0E 0P0. 127 pp.

Joly, D.O., and F. Messier. 2004. Factors affecting apparent prevalence of tuberculosis and brucellosis in wood bison. Journal of Animal Ecology 73: 623–631.

Joly, D.O., and F. Messier. 2004. Testing hypotheses of bison population decline (1970–1999) in Wood Buffalo National Park: synergism between exotic disease and predation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1165–1176.

Joly, D.O., and F. Messier. 2005. The effect of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis on reproduction and survival of wood bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. Journal of Animal Ecology 74: 543–551.

Kelly, J. (2005). Communities for Conservation: Creating a framework for Plains Bison Conservation in Central Saskatchewan. Parks and Protected Areas: Dynamic Landscape or Museum? , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Health Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, University of Manitoba.

Komers, PE; Messier, F; Gates, CC (1993) Group structure in wood bison: Nutritional and reproductive determinants. Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie [CAN. J. ZOOL./REV. CAN. ZOOL.]. Vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 1367-1371

Komers, PE; Messier, F; Gates, CC (1994) Plasticity of reproductive behaviour in wood bison bulls: When subadults are given a chance. Ethology Ecology & Evolution [ETHOL. ECOL. EVOL.]. Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 313-330.

Komers, PE; Messier, F; Gates, CC (1992) Search or relax: the case of bachelor wood bison. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 192-203

Larter, Nicholas C. and C. Cormak Gates (1990). Home Ranges of Wood Bison in an Expanding Population. Soil Conservation Service, Billings Mt. Journal of Mammology, 71(4): 604-607.

Larter, Nicholas C. and C. Cormak Gates. (1991) Diet and habitat selection of wood bison in relation to seasonal changes in forage quantity and quality. CAN. J. ZOOL./J. CAN. ZOOL. Vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 2677-2685.

Larter, N. C., A. R. E. Sinclair, T. Ellsworth, J. Nishi, and C. C. Gates. 2000. Dynamics of reintroduction in an indigenous large ungulate: the wood bison of northern Canada. Animal Conservation 4: 299-309.

Lutze-Wallace C., Turcotte C., Stevenson D.A., Elkin B., Koller-Jones M., Nishi J., Wobeser G. (2006). Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from a wood bison in a wildlife conservation project in the Northwest Territories. Can Vet J. 2006 Apr;47(4):317-8.

McCormack, Patricia A. (1992.) The political economy of bison management in Wood Buffalo National Park. Arctic. 45(4): 367-380.

McFarlane, K., Wilson, G.A. and Nishi J.S. (2006) Management Strategies For The Conservation of Genetic Diversity in Wood Bison University of Alberta

Melton, D., N. Larter, C. Gates, and J. Virgl. (1989) The influence of rut and environmental factors on the behaviour of wood bison. Acta Theriologica 34(12): 179-193.

Meyer, Margaret E. and Mary Meagher (1995). Brucellosis in Free-Ranging Bison (Bison, bison ) in Yellowstone, Grand Teton, and Wood Buffalo National Parks: A Review. School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis & National Biological Service, YNP. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 31(4): 579-598.

Mitchell, J. and C.C. Gates. 2002 Status of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) in Alberta. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, and Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report No. 38, Edmonton, AB. 32pp.

Moodie, D.W. and Arthur J. Ray (1975). Buffalo Migrations in the Canadian Plains. Plains Anthropology, 21: 45-52.

Nishi J.S., Stephen C., Elkin B.T. (2002). Implications of agricultural and wildlife policy on management and eradication of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in free-ranging wood bison of northern Canada. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Oct;969:236-44.

Nishi, J.S. Shury, T. Elkin, B.T. (2006) Wildlife reservoirs for bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in Canada: Strategies for management and research.Veterinary Microbiology Volume 112, Issues 2-4 , 25 February 2006, Pages 325-338 4th International Conference on Mycobacterium bovis

Novakowski, N.S. 1957. Aerial resurvey of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park and surrounding areas, 1957. Unpubl. rept. for Can. Wildl. Serv., Edmonton, AB. CWSC-216. 12 pp. + maps.

Novakowski, N.S. 1958. Report on the testing, tagging, and slaughter of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, Oct.- Nov. 1958. Mss. Rpt. C.W.S.C. 764. 18 pp. Report Library of Canada Wildlife Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Ottawa

Novakowski, N.S.(1961) Estimates of the Bison Population in Wood Buffalo Park and the Northwest Territories Based on Transect and Total Counts. February 1961, RG 84, vol. 2237, file WB232, NAC.

NOVAKOWSKI, N.S., and CHOQUETTE, L.P.E. 1967. Proposed 5 year management plan for bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. Bison Reports, Vol. 6, No. 29. Available at W B N P ,Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Nudds, T. D. (1993) How many bison, Bison bison, should be in Wood Buffalo National Park? Canadian Field Naturalist 107(1): 117-119.

OGILVIE, S.C. 1979. The park buffalo. Calgary: Calgary-Banff Chapter, National and Provincial Parks Association of Calgary.

Oldham, E.G. (1947) Buffalo count Wood Buffalo National Park, December 1946 and January 1947. Parks Canada. Unpubl. report, 11p.

Parks Canada. 1984. Wood Buffalo National Park Management Plan. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Pick, D., Poll, D.M., and Westhaver, A. 1990. Comments on CPS submission (Draft XIV) to the Northern Diseased Bison Environment Assessment Panel. Unpubl. paper. Available at Elk Island National Park, R.R. 1, Site 4, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta T8L 2N7

Polziehn, Renee O., Robin Beech, Jane Sheraton, and Curtis Strobeck (1996). Genetic Relationships Among North American Bison Populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74: 738-749.

Potyondi, B. 1979. Wood Buffalo National Park. An historical overview and source study. Parks Canada, Ms. Report No. 345. Ottawa: Environment Canada.

Rankin, G. 1954. Disease survey; The Mackenzie District of Northwest Territories. 19 June-28 August 1954. Bison Reports, Vol. 4, No. 13. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Raup, H.M. 1933. Range conditions in the Wood Buffalo Park of western Canada with notes on the history of the wood bison. Spec. Pub. Am. Comm. for Int. Wildlife Prot. 1(2) 52 pp.

Raup, H. M. 1935. Botanical investigations in Wood Buffalo Park, Canada, Department of Mines and the National Museum of Canada, Bulletin No. 74.

Reynolds, H. W.; Hansen, R. M.; Peden, D. G. (1978) Diets of the Slave River lowland bison herd, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Management. 42(3): 581-590.

Reynolds, H. (1982) An endangered species program brings wood bison to Nahanni. Zoonooz 55(7): 4-8.

Reynolds, H. 1987. The Canadian Wildlife Service Program to Restore Wood Bison. In: Holroyd, G.L., McGillivray, W.B., Stepney, P.H.R., Ealey, D.M., Trottier, G.C., and Eberhart, K.E., eds. Proceedings of the Workshop on Endangered Species in the Prairie Provinces. Edmonton: Alberta Culture, Historical Resources Division. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Occasional Paper No. 9:323-328.

Reynolds, H. W.; Hawley, A. W. L. (1987) Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River lowlands, Northwest Territories. Occassional Paper No. 63. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Wildlife Service. 74 p.

Reynolds, H. 1988. The Canadian Wildlife Service Wood Bison Recovery Program. In: Proceedings of the North American Bison Workshop, 9-10 September 1987, Missoula, Montana.

Reynolds, H.W. & C.C. Gates. 1991. Managing wood bison: A once endangered species. In: L.A. Renecker & R.J.Hudson (eds.). Wildlife Production: Conservation and Substainable Development. A.F.E.S. misc. pub. 91-6. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska. pp. 363-371.

Rowan, W. 1929. Canada’s buffalo. Country Life, 14 September 1929:358-360.

Sarkadi, L. 1990. “Hidden Agenda” seen in ply to destroy Wood Buffalo bison. Edmonton Journal, 18 January 1990:A4.

Shackleton, D.M., Hills, L.V., Hutton, D.A. 1975. http://www.jstor.org/view/00222372/ap050229/05a00120/0 Aspects of Variation in Cranial Character of Plains Bison From Elk Island National Park, Alberta.] Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 56, No. 4. (Nov., 1975), pp. 871-887.

Soper, J. Dewey (1941). History, Range and Home Life of the Northern Bison. Ecological Monographs, 11(4): 348-412.

STEVENS, W.E. 1954. Bison report - September 1954. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Telfer, E.S. & G.W. Scotter. 1975. Potential for game ranching in boreal aspen forests of western Canada. J. Range Manage. 28: 172-180

Telfer, Edmond S. and John P. Kelsall (1979). Studies of Morphological Parameters of Affecting Ungulate Locomotion in Snow. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57: 2153-2159.

Tempany, I. 1974. Bison losses in the Peace-Athabasca delta spring flood, 25 April to 5 May 1974. Unpubl. report. Available at WBNP, Box 750, Fort Smith, N.W.T. XOE OPO.

Tessaro, S.V. 1986. The existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: A review. Can. Vet. J. 27: 119- 124.

Tessaro, S.V. (1987) A Descriptive and Epizootiologic Study of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in Bison in Northern Canada. Ph.D Thesis. University of Saskatchewan

Tessaro, S.V., L.B. Forbes & C. Turcotte. 1990. A survey of brucellosis and tuberculosis in bison in and around Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. Can. Vet. J. 31: 174-180.

Tessaro, S.V., C.C. Gates & L.B. Forbes. 1993. The brucellosis and tuberculosis status of wood bison in the Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada. Can. J. Vet. Res. 57: 231-235

Van Camp, J. (1989) A surviving herd of endangered wood bison at Hook Lake, N.W.T.? Arctic 42(4): 314-322.

Van Kessel J. C. (2002) Taking care of Bison: Community perceptions of the Hook Lake Bison Recovery Project in Fort Resolution, NT, Canada. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Van Zyll de Jong (1986). A Systematic Study of Recent Bison, with Particular Consideration of the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898). Publications in Natural Sciences, No. 6. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Wilson, G., Nishi, J.S., Elkin, B.T., Strobek, C. (2006) Effects of a recent founding event and intrinsic population dynamics on genetic diversity in an ungulate population. Conservation Genetics. Vol6, Number 6.

Wilson, G.A. and C. Strobeck (1998). "Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Variation in Wood and Plain Bison." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bison Ecology and Management in North America, 180-91. June 4-7, 1997, Bozeman, MT.

Wilson G.A. and Strobeck, C. (1999) Genetic variation within and relatedness among wood and plains bison populations. Genome/Génome 42(3):