Tientsin-Fort Bayart
From Ipon
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| Motto: "Liberté, Egalité, Progrès"
"Liberty, Equality, Progress" | |||||||
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| Tientsin-Fort Bayart MD @ SC4Devotion | |||||||
| Capital | Fort Bayart
(炮台勇敢) | ||||||
| Largest city | Fort Bayart | ||||||
| Official language(s) | French, Chinese , English | ||||||
| Government Prefect-Governor
| parliament democracy Robert Lee | ||||||
| Republic Foundation Convention of Tientsin Transfert of Sovereignty | circa 900 1831 1998 | ||||||
| Area • Total • Water (%) | nc km² nc | ||||||
| Population • 2007 est. • nc census • Density | 3,000,000 () nc /km² () | ||||||
| GDP (PPP) • Total • Per capita | $100.00billion $41,000 | ||||||
| HDI | 0.931 | ||||||
| Currency | Franc-Tientsin (FrT)
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| Time zone • Summer (DST) | UTC+8 (UTC+8) +8 (UTC+8) | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .ti1 | ||||||
| Calling code | +654
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| (1) .. | |||||||
Tientsin-Fort Bayart, sometimes just called Tientsin or Fort Bayart, is one of the three special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The territory lies near the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province in the north and facing the South China Sea in the east and south. The territory begun as a trading port at the eve of the XIXth century and with the asian economic boost of the 60s, started to be a leading financial center, like Hong Kong or Singapur.
Tientsin-Fort Bayart was a French Concession from 1831 to 1946. After the WWII, it has became a overseas Territory of France until the transfer of its sovereignty in 1998. The Sino-French Joint Declaration and the Basic law of Tientsin-Fort Bayart stipulate that the territory should stay a SAR until at least 2048. Whereas Hong Kong, Tientsin is fully sovereign on it Foreign Affairs.
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[edit] History
Main Article : History of Tientsin-Fort Bayart
During the XIXth Century, Hipolythe de Couet, french jesuit, sent in mission to China, started to be aware of Tientsin situation. After several letter to the Holly See and France. Louis Philippe, King of France, proposed to China to buy Tientsin Area as a french consession. Due to the lack of strategical situation, China accepted. The Second Empire used Tientsin has a base to colonized French Indochina. Since then,Tientsin followed all the political changes of France. During WWII, Tientsin was captured by Japanese troops. In 1946, Tientsin became an over seas territory. In 1998, as the Concession Traitee signed by Louis Philippe, Tientsin got back to China. Like Hong Kong, it became an SAR.
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[edit] Politics
[edit] Tientsin Fort Bayart Internal Politics
[edit] Institutions
File:Example.jpgTientsin is a presidential democratic republic, the actual constitution has been promulged in 1998 with the signature of the sovereignty traitee by France , PRC and Tientsin. The President-Governor is the head of the government. He is elected for 7 years. Before the sovereignty traitee, Tientsin has been a french oversea territory governed by a Prefect-Governor.
Tientsin Fort Bayart is an unicameral state, the Tientsinese Assembly who is situated in Palais Vauban on the Lafayette Banks. The representants are elected for 5 years.
Even if Tientsin is a democratic republic the Duke of Nemours Familly still has a certain influence over the national politics, several members of this familly has been elected since the creation of the Governor seat during the 2nd French Republic.
[edit] Parties
Like France, Tientsin parties are more leftist than UK or USA ones.
The Rassemblement Pour Tientsin (Rally for Tientsin)is a right-wing party. It was the local branch of the gaullist RPR (now UMP, which was the party of Jacques Chirac. The RPT is the main right-wing party of Tientsin. Currently the RPT controls the Assembly and the Head of State
The Socialistes de Tientsin ( Socialists of Tientsin) is the major left wing party, close to the French Socialist party.
[edit] Foreign Relation of Tientsin
Even after the sovereignty traitee, Tientsin keeps very great relation with France. France and Tientsin has signed the same year as the Sovereignty Traitee a bilateral protection traitee. Today, Tientsin main investisor is France, following by China and Japan.
The sovereignty traitee of 1998 allowed to Tientsin a bigger liberty than Hong Kong, specialy on Foreign Policy. Whereas Macau and Hong Kong, Tientsin The main link between Tientsin and China is the Ngong Shen military base located on Carrière District.
Tientsin joined the IPON in january 2008, decided by the President-Governor, the proposal has been aprouved by IPON member. Now Tientsin tries to take part of the IPON project.
In 2009, Tientsin opened an embassy in Laon, in the old Vittori Palace.
[edit] Regional Subdivition & Administration
Tientsin-Fort Bayart is divided into 7 arrondissements (districts), inherited from the French Period. Each arrondissement has its own capital and is ruled by the "Sous Prefet" (subprefect).
| INSEE code | Name and Flag | Capital | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 |  Tientsin-Isle
| Tientsin-Fort Bayart | 2,346,000 |
| 02 |  La Chine
| Hengqin | 945,278 |
| 03 | Fu-Wan | Peng Chau | 345,278 |
| 04 | Saint Pierre | Belle Riviere | 135,278 |
| 05 | Cheung Chau | Drummondville | 475,390 |
| 06 | Fanling | Fort Liberte | 39,823 |
| 07 |  Sao Francesco-Xavier
| Sao Francesco-Xavier | 35,278 |
[edit] Infrastructure
The Government's Secrétariat des Transports (Secretary of Transport) oversees the well developed Tientsin Transportation Network. The Network is composed by National and Local owned sub-networks.
The Railway network is owned by the National Railway Company CFT wich operates all national and international trains without the Tientsin-Isle metro area wich are operated by the TIT . Rail is one of prefered way of travel in Tientsin.
The Road network in Tientsin-Fort Bayart is composed by the Highways System centered on Tientsin-Isle and Local Roads.
Many Sea Buses operate in Tientsin. They are operated by the TIT or non-state owned companies. They connect the many islands to Tientsin Mainland, and help to decongestioanate princpal roads by carrying cars.
Hengqin Seaport, near the little town on Hengqin (橫琴島) , is the only container port of Tientsin-Fort Bayart. It is capable of handling over 34,5 million tons of goods. Hengqin Seaport is with Cheung Chau Airport, the unique window on the World without using PRC networks.
Cheung Chau Airport located on Cheung Chau Island (長洲/长洲) is an important point on Asian Airport Hub.
[edit] Culture & Media in Tientsin
Tientsin inherited from the French Era a lot of Cultural Institution and Media groups. Today, the Frecnh influence still very active in Tientsin. For example, the role of the state in the cultural matter is very strong
Like in France, the Minister of Culture is in charge of all the public owned buildings, museums, schools and universities. It has also to promote arts in Tientsin and abroad
[edit] Museums
During the French Era, specialy under the reign of Napoleon III, Many collections from metropolitan France has been moved to Tientsin in exange of Chinese arts. Today most of those collection and the Chinese arts are located in the Musée des Beaux Arts de Tientsin for the paintings and sculture,in the Palais Fragaud, for the Archeological collection ( from Mediteranean civilizations to Chinese one). In 2002, inside the Tientsin Castle has been created the Musée d'Histoire de Tientsin ( Museum of the History of Tientsin), wich explains to the visitors the long and tumultuous history of the creation of the city, with the help of models, 3D maps and historical pieces.
A Contemporary and Modern Arts Museum will be open in 2009, the MAC-t designed by Jean Nouvel. The Guggenheim is thinking of openening a museum in Tientsin.
[edit] University
There's one University in Tientsin, the Université Saint George et Sainte Geneviève also named SGG-U and nicknamed George and Ginette. Founded by Napoléon III, it is located on Tientsin Isle, East to Fort Bayart. The University is state owned but recive some private sponsors like HSBC or Areva.
Saint George et Saint Geneviève's offering a large range of diploma, based on the French System.
The University plans to open a new campus in the slums area of Ma Tsui in 2009-2010. Envisioned as the revitalization project. The new campus will be as far as the historical campus from Fort Bayart's Center, and will help the opening of this area of the SAR.
[edit] Media
See also: Media in Tientsin-Fort Bayart
Before the Transfert of Sovereignty in 1998, Tientsin's Television was mainly occupied by French Network, such as TF1, France Télévision ( with France 3 Tientsin), Canal + and M6. In the 80s some private network emerged .The biggest one today is TV4 (Tietsin Vision 4)
Newspapers, like TV Networks were mainly French ones, expect Tientsin Libre who was founded in 1945 by the group Le Monde, today Tientsin Libre is an independant media group with radio, TV and websites. Where as official TV Networking which where mainly in French. A lot of Chinese and English newpapers were published in Tientsin. The most important Chinese speaking publication is 天津新闻 (Tientsin News), created in 1956.
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