Help:Editting

London has public transport.

• A link to another Wiki article.
• Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
• Thus the link above is to the URL en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also Wikipedia:Canonicalization.

London has [[public transport]].

San Francisco also has public transportation.

• Same target, different name.
• The target ("piped") text must be placed first, then the text that will be displayed second.

San Francisco also has
[[public transport|
public transportation]].

San Francisco also has public transportation.

Examples include buses, taxicabs, and streetcars.

• Endings are blended into the link.
• Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.
• Blending can be suppressed by using <nowiki></nowiki> tags, which may be desirable in some instances. Example: a microsecond.

San Francisco also has
[[public transport]]ation.

Examples include [[bus]]es,
 [[taxicab]]s, and [[streetcar]]s.

a [[micro]]<nowiki>second
</nowiki>

See the Wikipedia:Manual of Style.

• A link to another namespace.

See the 
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].

Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics is a link to a section within another page.

#Links and URLs is a link to another section on the current page.

Italics is a piped link to a section within another page.

• The part after the number sign (#) must match a section heading on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the top of the page.
• Include "| link title" to create a stylish (piped) link title.

[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] 
is a link to a section within another page.

[[#Links and URLs]] is a link
to another section on the 
current page.

[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics|Italics]] 
is a piped link to a section within 
another page.

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom.

Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump.

Or both: Manual of Style

But not: [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]

• The server fills in the part after the pipe character (|) when you save the page. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When previewing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press Save and Edit again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page (see previous entry).
• See Wikipedia:Pipe trick for details.

Automatically hide stuff
in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]].

Automatically hide namespace: 
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].

Or both:
[[Wikipedia:
Manual of Style (headings)|]]

But not:
[[Wikipedia:
Manual of Style#Links|]]

National sarcasm society is a page that does not exist yet.

• You can create it by clicking on the link.
• To create a new page:
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• For more information, see How to start a page and check out Wikipedia's naming conventions.
• Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.

[[National sarcasm society]]
is a page 
that does not exist yet.

Wikipedia:How to edit a page is a link to this page.

• Self links appear as bold text when the article is viewed.
• Do not use this technique to make the article name bold in the first paragraph; see the Manual of Style.

[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
is a link to this page.

The character tilde (~) is used when adding a comment to a Talk page. You should sign your comment by appending four tildes (~~~~) to the comment so as to add your user name plus date/time:

Patricia Zhang 13:40, Jan 14, 2007 (UTC)

Adding three tildes (~~~) will add just your user name:

Patricia Zhang

and adding five tildes (~~~~~) gives the date/time alone:

13:40, Jan 14, 2007 (UTC)

• The first two both provide a link to your user page.

The character '''tilde''' (~) is used when adding a comment to a Talk page. 
You should sign your comment by appending four tildes (~~~~)
to the comment so as to add your user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~
Adding three tildes (~~~) will add just your user name:
: ~~~
and adding five tildes (~~~~~) gives the date/time alone:
: ~~~~~

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#REDIRECT [[United States]]

#REDIRECT [[United States#History|United 
States History]] will redirect to the 
[[United States]] page, to the History 
section if it exists 

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For example in the article on Plankton, which is available on a lot of other wikis, the interlanguage links would look like so:

[[de:Plankton]] [[es:Plancton]] [[ru:�ланк�он]] [[simple:Plankton]]

• While it does not matter where you put these links while editing, it is recommended that these links be placed at the very end of the edit box.
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• Please see Wikipedia:Interlanguage links and the list of languages and codes.

What links here and Related changes pages can be linked as: Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page

'''What links here''' and
'''Related changes'''
pages can be linked as:
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]

A user's Contributions page can be linked as: Special:Contributions/UserName or Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0

A user's '''Contributions''' page
can be linked as:
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]
or
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]

• To put an article in a Wikipedia:Category, place a link like the one to the right anywhere in the article. As with interlanguage links, it does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.

[[Category:Character sets]]

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[[:Category:Character sets]]

Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources:

1. Bare URL: http://www.wikipedia.com/ (bad style)
2. Unnamed link: [1] (only used within article body for footnotes)
3. Named link: Wikipedia

See MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map for the list of shortcuts.

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  • Markup: <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"> [http://www.sysinternals.com/ ntw2k/freeware/winobj.shtml WinObj]</span>
  • Display: WinObj
• See Wikipedia:External links for style issues.

Three ways to link to
external (non-wiki) sources:
# Bare URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/
(bad style)
# Unnamed link:
[http://en.wikipedia.org/]
(only used within article
body for footnotes)
# Named link:
[http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]

Linking to other wikis:

1. Interwiki link: Wiktionary:Hello
2. Interwiki link without prefix: Hello
3. Named interwiki link: Wiktionary definition of 'Hello'

• All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello
• Note that interwiki links use the internal link style.
• See MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an external link (see above).
• See also Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects.

Linking to another language's wiktionary:

1. Wiktionary:fr:bonjour
2. bonjour
3. fr:bonjour

• All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour

Linking to other wikis:
# [[Interwiki]] link:
[[Wiktionary:Hello]]
# Interwiki link without prefix:
[[Wiktionary:Hello|]]
# Named interwiki link:
[[Wiktionary:Hello|
Wiktionary definition 
of 'Hello']]

Linking to another
language's wiktionary:
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|]]

ISBN 012345678X

ISBN 0-12-345678-X

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• ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.

ISBN 012345678X

ISBN 0-12-345678-X

Text mentioning RFC 4321 anywhere

• Link to Internet Engineering Task Force RFCs.

Text mentioning RFC 4321 
anywhere

Date formats:

1. July 20, 1969
2. 20 July 1969
3. 1969-07-20
4. 1969-07-20

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Date formats:
# [[July 20]], [[1969]]
# [[20 July]] [[1969]]
# [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
# [[1969-07-20]]

Special as-of links like this year needing future maintenance

Special [[WP:AO|as-of]] links 
like [[As of 2006|this year]]
needing future maintenance

Sound

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Some uploaded sounds are listed at Wikipedia:Sound.

[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg|Sound]]

Italicized text
Bold text
Italicized & Bold text

''Italicized text''
'''Bold text'''
'''''Italicized & Bold text'''''

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A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt>
or for computer code: <code>int main()</code>

Use <code><pre> Block of Code </pre></code> around the 
block of code.

* The <pre> tags within the codeblock will create formatting 
issues - to solve, display the tags literally with 
&lt;pre&gt;  and  &lt;/pre&gt;

You can use small text for captions.

You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.

Better stay away from big text, unless it's within small text.

Better stay away from <big>big text</big>, unless
<small> it's <big>within</big> small</small> text.

You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.

You can also mark deleted material and inserted material using logical markup. For backwards compatibility better combine this potentially ignored new logical with the old physical markup.

• When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes and do not mark them up in any special way.
• When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material.

You can <s>strike out deleted material</s>
and <u>underline new material</u>.

You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and
<ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup.
For backwards compatibility better combine this
potentially ignored new <del>logical</del> with
the old <s><del>physical</del></s> markup.

Suppressing interpretation of markup:
Link → (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]

• Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
• Escape all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
• Does not escape HTML character references.
• To escape HTML character references such as &rarr; use &amp;rarr;

<nowiki>Link &rarr; (''to'') 
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>

Commenting page source:
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• Note that most comments should go on the appropriate Talk page.

<!-- comment here -->

Diacritical marks:
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � à á
â ã ä å æ ç
è é ê ë Ã¬ í
î ï ñ ò ó ô
� õ ö ø ù ú
û ü ÿ

• See special characters.

À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß à á 
â ã ä å æ ç 
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
œ õ ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ

Punctuation:
¿ ¡ § ¶
â�  â�¡ â�¢ – —
â�¹ â�º « Â»
� � � �

¿ ¡ § ¶
† ‡ • – —
‹ › « »
‘ ’ “ ”

Commercial symbols:
� © ® ¢ � ¥
£ ¤

™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤

Subscripts:
x₁ x₂ x₃ or
x� x� x� x� x�
x� x� x� x� x�

Superscripts:
x¹ x² x³ or
x� x¹ x² x³ x�
x� x� x� x� x�

• The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on Unicode support which may not be present on all users' machines. For the 1-2-3 superscripts, it is nevertheless preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.

ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² / J m.

1 hectare = 1 E4 m²

x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or
<br/>
x&#8320; x&#8321; x&#8322; x&#8323; x&#8324;
<br/>
x&#8325; x&#8326; x&#8327; x&#8328; x&#8329;

x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or
<br/>
x&#8304; x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3; x&#8308;
<br/>
x&#8309; x&#8310; x&#8311; x&#8312; x&#8313;

&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&sup2;]]

Greek characters:
α β γ δ ε ζ
η θ ι κ λ μ ν
ξ ο � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � Π
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

Mathematical characters:
â�« â�� â�� â�� − ± â��
� � � � � �
× Â· ÷ â�� ′ ″
� � ° � � ø
� � � � � � � �
¬ � � � � � � � � �
� � � � �

• See also WikiProject Mathematics and TeX.

∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇐ ⇓ ⇑ ⇔
→ ↓ ↑ ← ↔

Failed to parse (Can't write to or create math temp directory): \\,\\! \\sin x + \\ln y
sinx + lny

Failed to parse (Can't write to or create math temp directory): \\mathbf{x} = 0
x = 0

Ordinary text should use wiki markup for emphasis, and should not use <i> or <b>. However, mathematical formulae often use italics, and sometimes use bold, for reasons unrelated to emphasis. Complex formulae should use <math> markup, and simple formulae may use <math>; or <i> and <b>; or '' and '''. According to WikiProject Mathematics, wiki markup is preferred over HTML markup like <i> and <b>.

<math>\\,\\! \\sin x + \\ln y</math>
sin''x'' + ln''y''

<math>\\mathbf{x} = 0</math>
'''x''' = 0

Spacing in simple math formulae:
Obviously, x² â�¥ 0 is true when x is a real number.

• To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, use non-breaking spaces: &nbsp;.

Obviously, ''x''² ≥ 0 is true when ''x'' is a real number.

Complicated formulae:

Failed to parse (Can't write to or create math temp directory): \\sum_{n=0}^\\infty \\frac{x^n}{n!}

• See Help:Formula for how to use <math>.
• A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.

: <math>\\sum_{n=0}^\\infty \\frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets special characters: →

<nowiki>
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It reformats text by removing newlines 
and multiple spaces.
It still interprets special
characters: &rarr;
</nowiki>

The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It also doesn't     reformat text.
It still interprets special characters: →

<pre>
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It also doesn't     reformat text.
It still interprets special characters:
 &rarr;
</pre>

Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. However, it will make the whole page fail to render properly in some browsers, such as IE7, thus making the page unreadable.

Putting a space at the beginning of each line
stops the text   from being reformatted. 
It still interprets Wiki markup and
special characters: �

Leading spaces are another way 
to preserve formatting.
 Putting a space at the beginning of each line
 stops the text   from being reformatted. 
 It still interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and
 special characters: →