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The Ejercito del los Estados Confederados is the land combat arm of the Confederate States of Latin America. It operates large expeditionary, and fixed land forces to accomplish its mission of defending the interests, allies, people, and Constitution of the ECAL.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Army is President Michelle Bachelet. She controls the Army through the Secretary of Defence (Ramon Diaz), who in turn works through the Seceretary of the Army (Pedro Alvirez).

The Army has tended to be neglected by the government, being relegated to using obsolete equipment. The EEC, for example, retired its last M4 Sherman tanks in 1979. The Army still has large numbers of AMX-30 tanks, and UH-1 helicopters. Since the late 1970's the Army has gradually modernised, and indigenous equipment was introduced. Today it is regarded as a highly advanced Army. The Army has persued technological advancement in a curious way. While a lot of its capital equipment is quite old, Latin America has kept ahead of most of the world on network centric warfare, and battlefield management.

The Army's military commander is General de Ejercito Roberto Rodriguez.

Combat Divisions

7 Armoured Divisions
9 Mechanised Divisions
15 Infantry Divisions
2 Airborne Divisions
3 Air-Mobile Divisions
6 Reserve Infantry Divisions
2 Reserve Mechanised Divisions

Deployments

1st Army
- I Corps (4 Divisions)
  - Defence of Panama and the Canal Zone
- II Corps (3 Divisions)
  - Defence of Colombia
2nd Army
- III Corps, IV Corps, and V Corps (9 Divisions)
  - Brazilian border
3rd Army
- VI Corps (3 Divisions)
  - Europe (UK)
4th Army
- VII Corps (3 Divisions)
  - Colombia (FARC)
  - Peru (Shining Path)
- IX Corps (2 Divisions)
  - Rest of country
5th Army
- X Corps (Strategic Deployment Reserve, 3 Divisions)
  - Airborne Division
  - Air-Mobile Division
  - Infantry Division
- XI Corps (Strategic Deployment Reserve, 3 Divisions)
  - Airborne Division
  - Air-Mobile Division
  - Infantry Division
6th Army
- XII Corps (Reinforcement Corps, 3 Divisions)
- XIII Corps (Reinforcement Corps, 3 Divisions)

Special Forces

The EEC has several special operations forces in its Special Forces Command (Comando de Fuerzas Especiales). The EEC identifies four distinct types of special operations force. Long range raiding forces, counter terrorist forces, long range reconnaissance units, and "foreign internal defence". The latter means aiding, leading, advising, and training foreign military forces (either regular or irregular), as well as preserving the direct action capability of other special military units.

Agrupacion de Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales

The Agrupacion de Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales (Special Operatinos Forces Group) is primarily "foriegn internal defence" unit. It consists of a six groups (Grupos de Operaciones Especiales). This unit is comprable to the Green Berets in the 1960's.

Batallon de Fuerzas Contraterroristas

The BFC is a counter terrorist unit. They are stationed in team groups around the ECAL and are ready to respond to any emergency. It is comprable to Delta Force.

Regimientos de Comandos

The two Commando Regiments is a raiding unit. They perform raids in strength against objectives behind enemy lines. It is comprable to the US Ranger Battalions.

Unidad de Cazadores Especiales

The Unidad de Cazadores Especiales (Unit of Speical Hunters) is a long range reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and surgical strike unit. It is comprable to the British SAS.

Combat Division Types

Armoured Division

This type of division is the heaviest in the Army. It is intended to be used at the most difficult spots in both attack and defence. The Armoured Division consists of three Armoured Brigades, a Divisional Headquarters, a Divisional Artillery Regiment, and a Divisional Aviation Regiment.

The Divisional Artillery operates extra MLRS batteries, including A-TACMS missiles, and 175mm guns. There are also two batteries of 155mm self propelled guns which can be allocated as a backup artillery force. Divisional aviation operates fixed wing transport aircraft, heavy lift helicopters, and fixed wing attack aircraft.

The Armoured Brigade consists of three Armoured Regiments with 48 tanks each (plus other vehicles), and two Infantry Regiments each with 48 Infantry Fighting Vehicles (plus other vehicles), so an Armoured Division contains 432 tanks, and almost 100 IFV's. Other than these, the Brigade contains all necessary elements such as reconnaissance, aviation, artillery, engineers, logistics, medical, and support services.

Mechanised Division

The Mechanised Division has a similar organisation to the Armoured Division. The Mechanised Division consists of three Mechanised Brigades, a Divisional Headquarters, a Divisional Artillery Regiment, and a Divisional Aviation Regiment. The Headquarters, Artillery Regiment, and Aviation Regiment are the same as for the Armoured Division.

The Mechanised Brigade has 3 Infantry Battalions, and 2 Armoured Battalions. These battalions are the same as in the Armoured Division.

Infantry Division

The Infantry Division is the second-most deployable division type in the Army. It is similar to an airborne division, except that it possesses aircraft, and more vehicles. This division has a high degree of capability of counter-insurgency capability.

The Infantry Division is a well balanced division. It has good tactical mobility and protection in its wheeled vehicles (the main type of which is the French VAB series), and good strategic mobility in that its equipment is relatively light. The Division consists as before of three Infantry Brigades, which consists of four Infantry Battalions, and 1 Medium Armoured Regiment equipped with TLAM. Divisional level formations are the same as for the mechanised and armoured divisions.

Airborne Division

Together with the Infanteria de Marina de los Estados Confederados, the Ejercito del los EC's Airborne Divisions form a rapid reaction force. With recent expansions, the Army can afford to keep one Brigade from each division on 24-hour standby for operations anywhere in the world. To facilitate quick operation, Airborne Divisions are always based on or near Fuerza Aerea de los Estados Confederados Bases. The standby Brigade is located on an Fuerza Aerea de los Estados Confederados Base. Until 1999, the Airborne Division was the only type of division not to have the ability to deploy nuclear missiles, from 1999 onwards, Airborne Divisions received A-TACM's which can be fired from HIMARS.

The Airborne Division contains three Airborne Brigades, and a divisional headquarters. Each brigade contains four Infantry Battalions, and one Light Armoured Regiments equipped with SK 105's. The infantry have no organic transport, but logistics vehicles are used for troop transport. Nevertheless the Airborne Division gains excellent strategic mobility (one Brigade anywhere in the world in 24 hours), at the expense of tactical mobility.

The Airborne Division lacks Divisional Artillery, and a Divisional Aviation Regiment. The reasoning for this is that the Air Force provides long range fire support, and mobility from its aircraft.

Air-Mobile Division

The Air-Mobile Division is designed to have tactical mobility by helicopter. The division is basically the same as a Infantry Division at the lower levels, differences include far more helicopters allocated to the Brigade, few armoured vehicles. The Air-Mobile Division does not have APC's in every infantry unit, and its Armoured Regiments use the SK 105.

Administrative/Technical/Support Corps

Medical

These corps provide all medical services, combat and non-combat, to all personnel of the EEC, as well as all animals owned by the EEC.

EEC Cuerpo de la Medicina
EEC Cuerpo Veterinario
EEC Cuerpo de la Odontologia
EEC Cuerpo de la Psicologia
EEC Cuerpo del Oficio de Enfermera
EEC Cuerpo de Servicios Medicos
EEC Cuerpo de Especialistas Medicos

Administrative

These corps facilitate the smooth running of the EEC. Some units send personnel to support combat units.

EEC Cuerpo de las Finanzas
EEC Cuerpo del Ayudante-General
EEC Cuerpo del Juzgar-Abogar-General
EEC Cuerpo del Inspector-General
EEC Cuerpo de la Educacion
EEC Cuerpo de Capellanes

Combat Support

These corps provide personnel to combat units in order to provide specialist support.

EEC Cuerpo del Policia Militar
EEC Cuerpo de Ingenieros Electricos e Industriales
EEC Cuerpo de la Inteligencia
EEC Cuerpo de Senales (also fits into the Military Training, Development, and Evaluation category)
EEC Cuerpo de Intendentes
EEC Cuerpo del Transporte
EEC Cuerpo de Municiones (also fits into the Military Training, Development, and Evaluation category)
EEC Cuerpo de la Defensa Quimica

Military Training, Development, and Evaluation

These Corps deal with training combat personnel, evaluating the performance of personnel and systems, developing new systems, evaluation new systems, and developing and evaluating upgrades for older systems.

EEC Cuerpo de la Infanteria
EEC Cuerpo de la Armadura
EEC Cuerpo de la Aviacion
EEC Cuerpo de Misiles

Army Equipment

The EEC acquires its equipment from a variety of sources, much is also produced domestically.

Small Arms

[N.B. These small arms are common throughout the Armed Forces]

Handguns

FN High Power 9mm Pistol
Glock 17 9mm Pistol (Special Forces)
High Standard HDM .22LR Suppressed Pistol (Special Forces)
Ruger Mk. II .22LR Suppressed Pistol (Special Forces)

Submachine Guns

FMK-3 9mm Sub-Machine Gun
FAMAE S.A.F. 9mm Sub-Machine Gun
- FAMAE Mini S.A.F. 9mm Sub-Machine Gun
Uzi 9mm Sub-Machine Gun
L34A1 Sterling 9mm Suppressed Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
MP5A5 9mm Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
- MP5SD6 9mm Suppressed Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
- MP5K 9mm Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
- MP5K-PDW 9mm Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
MAC-10 .45ACP Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)
MAC-11 9mm Short Sub-Machine Gun (Special Forces)

Rifles/Carbines

FN FAL 7.62mm Rifle
HK G3 7.62mm Rifle (Special Forces)
Galil 5.56mm Rifle
- Galil SAR 5.56mm Carbine
- Micro Galil MAR 5.56mm Carbine
HK 53 5.56mm Carbine (Special Forces)
M4A5 5.56mm Carbine (Special Forces)
Colt Commando 5.56mm Carbine (Special Forces)

Machine Guns

FN FALO 7.62mm Light Machine Gun
L4A1 BREN 7.62mm Light Machine Gun
HK21 7.62mm Light Machine Gun (Special Forces)
FN Minimi 5.56mm Light Machine Gun
FN MAG 7.62mm General-Purpose Machine Gun
M2 QCHB 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun
M134D 7.62mm Minigun

Sniper Rifles

M-21 7.62mm Sniper Rifle
M-24 7.62mm Sniper Rifle
Galil Sniper 7.62mm Sniper Rifle
AI: AS50 12.7mm Sniper Rifle
Barrett M82 12.7mm Sniper Rifle

Grenade Launchers

Mk. 19 mod. 3 40mm Automatic Grenade Launcher
Milkor MGL-140 40mm Grenade Launcher
M203 40mm Grenade Launcher
M79 40mm Grenade Launcher

Heavy Weapons

RPG-7V/D 40mm Rocket Propelled Grenade Launcher
M72 66mm Rocket Launcher
B-300 83mm Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon
Carl-Gustav M3 84mm Recoilless Rifle
MILAN Anti-Tank Missile
Spike-MR Anti-Tank Missile [1]
Spike-LR Anti-Tank Missile
Spike-SR Light Anti-Armour Missile
FIM-92 Stinger Man-Portable SAM

Other

Remington 870 12ga. Shotgun

Vehicles

Tanks

TLAB Valeroso Main Battle Tank (TALB: Tanque Latinoamericano Batalla, English: Latin American Battle Tank) [2]
- VPRT (Vehiculo Pesado Recuperador Tanques) Valeroso Recovery Vehicle
- VPLI (Vehiculo Pesado Para la Ingenieria) Valeroso Armoured Engineering Vehicle
- VPLP (Vehiculo Pesado Lanza el Puente) Valeroso Armoured Vehicle-Launched Bridge
AMX 30 Main Battle Tank
- AMX 30 EBG armoured engineering vehicle
- AMX-30 Bridge bridgelaying engineer vehicle
- AMX 30 ROLAND Roland ground-air missile system
- AMX 30 D repair tank
TLAN Patagon (modernised SK-105 Kurassier)
SK-105 Kurassier
TLAM (Tanque Latinoamericano Mediano, Latin American Medium Tank)

Reconnaissance Vehicles

Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) Series
- FV101 Scorpion 90
- FV101 Sabre
- FV103 Spartan
- FV104 Samaritan Armoured Ambulance
- FV105 Sultan Command Vehicle
- FV106 Samson Armoured Recovery Vehicle
- FV107 Scimitar
- FV120 Spartan MILAN ATGW Carrier
Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando

Weapon Carriers

VBC-90
Wiesel
- Wiesel 1 [HOT]
- Wiesel MK20 Cannon Carrier
- Wiesel 2 [Command]
- Wiesel 2 [120mm Mortar]
- Ozelot SRAD
- Ozelot Radar/Command Post
M50 Ontos

Armoured Personnel Carriers

VCTP Family
- VCTP (Spanish: Vehiculo Combate y Transporte Personal) Infantry fighting vehicle
- VCTM (Spanish: Vehiculo Combate Transporte Mortero) Self-propelled morter
- VCA (Spanish: Vehiculo Combate Artilleria) Self-propelled artillery [3]
- VCPC (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate Puesto de Mando) Command Post vehicle
- VCRT (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate Recuperador Tanques) Armoured recovery vehicle ARV
- VCDT (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate de Direccion Tiro) Self-propelled artillery Fire direction & control
- VCDA (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate de Defensa Aerea) Air-defence variant
- VCAT (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate Antitanque) Anti tank vehicle
  - A TLAM fitted with the Lancelot Turret System for HOT missiles.
- VCMun (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate de Transporte de Municion) Self-propelled artillery ammunition supply vehicle
Vehicule de l'Avant Blinde (VAB) (N.B. All Latin American VAB's are 6x6)
- VAB VTT 6x6 Armoured Personnel Carrier
- VAB VCI Light Fire Support Vehicle
- VAB Stinger (equipped with twin 20mm cannon, 4 Stinger missiles, with a pulse doppler surveillence radar)
- VAB VOA Artillery observation vehicle
- VAB RATAC Radar Artillery target acquisition vehicle
- VAB RASIT Reconnaissance vehicle, carries the RASIT ground surveillance radar
- VAB PC Command vehicle
- VAB SIR Digital regimental C4ISTAR information system
- VAB Bromure Electronic warfare vehicle
- VAB Echelon Maintenance and repair vehicle
- VAB Genie Engineering vehicle
- VCAC UTM800 Tank destroyer
- VTM 120 Mortar towing vehicle, can carry 70 bombs for the Thomson-Brandt 120mm mortar
- VPM 81 Mortar carrier with an 81mm mortar firing through a roof opening
- VAB SAN Armoured ambulance
- VAB Reco NBC reconnaissance vehicle
- VAB ATLAS Artillery fire command and control vehicle
BvS 206
BvS 210
RG-31 Nyala

Combat Support Vehicles

FV180 Combat Engineer Tractor
M548 6 ton tracked cargo carrier
HMMWV
- M998 Cargo/Troop
- M1025 Armament Carrier, Armored
- M966 HMMWV MILAN Armored (Guardia Nacional only)
- M996 Mini-Ambulance, Armored
- M997 Maxi-Ambulance, Armored
- M1026 Armament Carrier, Armored W/W
- M1035 Soft-Top Ambulance
- M1036 MILAN Armored W/W (Guardia Nacional only)
- M1037 S-250 Shelter Carrier
- M1038 Cargo/Troop Carrier W/W
- M1042 S-250 Shelter Carrier W/W
- M1043 Armament Carrier, Up-Armored (Guardia Nacional only)
- M1044 Armament Carrier, Up-Armored W/W (Guardia Nacional only)
- M1045 MILAN Up-Armored Armor (Guardia Nacional only)
- M1046 MILAN Up-Armored Armor W/W (Guardia Nacional only)
- M1069 Tractor for OTO Melara Mod 56 105mm Pack Howitzer
- M1097 Heavy
Armoured HMMWV (Military Police, and other selected units only)
- M1114 Up-Armored Armament Carrier
- M1116 Up-Armored HMMWV
- M1123 Heavy
- M1121 MILAN Armored
- M1151 Up-Armored Capable HMMWV
- M1152 Up-Armored Capable HMMWV
M35 Series 2 1/2 ton 6x6 Truck
M939 Series 5 ton 6x6 Truck
MAN AG HX Series High Mobility Truck System
- 6 Tonne 4x4
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
- 9 Tonne 6x6
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
  - Tractor
  - Tanker
- 15 Tonne 8x8
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
  - Tractor
  - Tanker
  - Unit Support Tanker
  - Recovery Vehicle
  - Bridge Layer
  - Load Handling System
  - Container Vehicle
  - System Carrier (ROLAND)
  - System Carrier (MIM-104 Patriot)
  - System Cabin
MAN AG SX Series Extreme Mobility Truck System
- 6 Tonne 4x4
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
- 9 Tonne 6x6
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
  - Tractor
  - Tanker
- 15 Tonne 8x8
  - Cargo/Troop Body
  - Cabin
  - Tractor
  - Tanker
  - Unit Support Tanker
  - Recovery Vehicle
  - Bridge Layer
  - Load Handling System
  - Container Vehicle
  - System Carrier (ROLAND)
  - System Carrier (MIM-104 Patriot)
  - System Cabin
Non-Tactical Vehicles
- Vehicles designed for the civilian market are leased by the Ministry of Defence to free up tactical vehciels. Types of vehicles thus leased include:
  - Sedans
  - Station-wagons
  - Mini-Vans
  - People Movers
  - SUV's
  - Luxury Sedans (as staff cars)
  - Utility Vehicles
  - Light Commercial Trucks
- Vehicles designed for specialist roles are typically purchased
  - Airfield fuel trucks
  - Semi-trailer trucks
  - Firefighting vehicles
  - Coaches

Artillery/Missiles

Guns/Howitzers

M101 105 mm Howitzer
OTO Melara Mod 56 105mm Pack Howitzer
CITER 155mm L45 Howitzer
CITER 155mm L52 Howitzer
VCA (Spanish: Vehiculo Combate Artilleria) 155mm Self Propelled Gun
AMX 30 AuF1 155mm Self Propelled Gun
M107 107mm Self Propelled Gun

Mortars

M224 60mm Mortar
L16 81mm Mortar
Soltam M-65 120mm Mortar

Rocket/Missile Artillery

Pluton
M270 MRLS
- M26 Rocket
- M29 Rocket
- M30 Guided MLRS
- M31 Unitary Guided MLRS
- M135A Rocket (Binary VX nerve agent submunition warhead)
- M135B Rocket (Binary Sarin nerve agent submunition warhead)
- MGM-140 ATACMS
- MGM-168 ATAMCS Block IVA
M142 HIMARS
- M26 Rocket
- M29 Rocket
- M30 Guided MLRS
- M31 Unitary Guided MLRS
- M135A Rocket (Binary VX nerve agent submunition warhead)
- M135B Rocket (Binary Sarin nerve agent submunition warhead)
- MGM-140 ATACMS
- MGM-168 ATAMCS Block IVA

Air Defence

FIM-92 Stinger
- Ozelot (4 FIM-92)
- VAB Stinger (4 FIM-92 with 2 20mm cannon)
ROLAND
- AMX-30 ROLAND
- M997 10t 8x8 Truck
Cobra-1 Close Range SAM/Gun System
- VCDA (Spanish: Vehiculo de Combate de Defensa Aerea) Air-defence variant
MIM-23 HAWK
- M-192 Launcher Trailer
- M-727 Tracked Launcher
MIM-120 SLAMRAAM
- HAWK AMRAAM system - mounted on M-192 Launcher Trailer
- HAWK AMRAAM system - M-727 Tracked Launcher)
Cobra-2 Medium Range VL-SAM
- M270 Chassis
MIM-104 Patriot

Anti-Tank Missiles

MILAN
HOT
Spike-SR
Spike-MR
Spike-LR
LAHAT 105mm
LAHAT 120mm

Helicopters

Training

Aerospatiale SA-315 Lama

Attack/Reconnaissance

MBB Bo 105P/PAH-1A1
Westland WAH-64D Apache
Westland WAH-64D Longbow Apache
- N.B. About 1/3 of EEC Apaches have the Longbow radar, though the number is increasingly slowly

Liaison/Scout

MBB Bo 105M

Light Utility

Bell UH-1H Iroquois
Bell UH-1HP Huey II
Bell 212
Westland Lynx AH.9

Assault Transport

Aerospatiale SA-330 Puma
Eurocopter AS-532 Cougar

Medium/Heavy Lift Cargo

Westland Commando
AgustaWestland EH101 Merlin HC3
Boeing CH-47 Chinook

Medevac

Bell UH-1V Iroquois

Fixed Wing Aircraft

Utility

Cessna U-27 Caravan
Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter

Reconnaissance

Grumman OV-1D Mohawk

Attack

Embraer A-29B Super Tucano
FMA IA-58 Pucara

UAV

Luna UAV [4] (Brigade level UAV)
Micro V UAV [5] (Batallion level UAV)
Casper 250 [6] (Company level UAV)

Aerial Missiles

AIM-92 Air Launched Stinger
HOT Anti Tank Missile
AGM-114 Hellfire
- AGM-114K Hellfire II
- AGM-114L Longbow Hellfire
- AGM-114M Hellfire II
- AGM-114N Hellfire II
CRV7 Unguided Rocket

Unforms

Service Uniforms

The EEC's Service and Ceremonial Uniform is of a conventional design, and consists of a dark khaki jacket, trousers, and tie, with a khaki shirt. In warmer weather the jacket is discarded. For ceremonial occasions, medals are worn, and the standard peaked cap can be replaced with a steel helmet. For summer ceremonial occasions, a white linen jacket is worn over a white shirt andblack tie.

Combat Uniforms

The EEC's Combat Uniform (which is also the working uniform of the Air Force is the BDU uniform. It comes in two patterns, woodland , and desert.

Woodland

Desert

New Combat Uniforms

The BDU uniforms have been in service since the early 1980's, and are being replaced with a modern fractal camouflage uniform.

Woodland Digital

Desert Digital

Rank Insignia

Officers

Enlisted Men

Normal Positions for each rank

Rank	Position
Capitan General	Chief of the Defence Staff
General	Vice Chief of the Defence Staff Chief of the General Staff Chief of Operations
Teniente General	General Officer Commanding a major command
General de Division	Division Commander
General de Brigada	Brigade Commander
Coronel	Officer Commanding a Regiment
Teniente Coronel	Battalion Commanding Officer
Mayor	Company Commander Battalion Adjutant
Capitan	Company Executive Officer
Teniente	Platoon Leader
Segundo Teniente	Platoon Executive Officer

Confederate States of Latin America
General: Confederate States of Latin America, Economy of the ECAL, Justice and Law in the ECAL, President Michelle Bachelet, Presidency
Political: Partido Republicano Constitucional, Partido Laborista Socialista, Partido de la Democracia Cristiana
Military: Fuerzas Armadas, Armada, Ejercito, Fuerza Aerea, Infanteria de Marina, Guardia Nacional
Military Aircraft: FMA SAIAL 90, A-4AL Fightinghawk
Armoured Vehicles: TLAM Medium Tank, TLAP Main Battle Tank
Warships: Ship Profiles, Ardiente and Valeroso class destoyers

@@ Line 573: / Line 573: @@
 ===Desert Digital===
-http://www.cgfm.mil.co/CGFMPortal/Cgfm_files/Galeria/padilla_guajira.jpg
+http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v650/G-Capo/colombia03.jpg
 =Rank Insignia=

Ejército del los Estados Confederados