Team Memory

From Jsarmi

Distributed teams and distributed memory.
 Fiore, S M; Cuevas, H M; Salas, E; Schooler, J W
 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting; Baltimore, MD; USA; 30 Sept.-4 Oct. 2002. pp. 398-402. 2002

 Distributed coordination space: toward a theory of distributed team process and performance
 Authors: Stephen M. Fiore a;  Eduardo Salas a;  Haydee M. Cuevas a; Clint A. Bowers a 

 Fiore, S.M., & Schooler, J.W. (2004). Process mapping and shared cognition: Teamwork
 and the development of shared problem models. In E. Salas & S.M. Fiore (Eds.),
 Team cognition: Understanding the factors that drive process and performance. 
 (133-152). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

 Fiore, F.M., Cuevas, H.M., Schooler, J.W., & Salas, E. (2006). Cognition, teams and team
 cognition: Memory actions and memory failures in distributed team environments. In
 C. Bowers, E. Salas, & F. Jentsch (Eds.), Creating high tech teams (pp. 71-88).
 Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Notes

3.6.3. .Memory theorists suggest ~ I x I L long-term memory (LTM) is composed ol' mulliplc types ol' cncoclcd material. 170r example, dcclarot~ vem cmory is ol'tcn dclinccl on static, l'>~cti~Ia<ln owlcdgc ahout concept:, and prlnc~ plcjr elated to a ccrtaln dolllain (c.g. the mcanlng of' Lllc symbols on 'I radar scrcen for :In air trallic controller) (dc .long ancl 1-'crg~~son-I-lcs+Ic1r9 96, Nybcrg uncl Cabeza 2000). In comparison, str:~tcgicm elnol y ~nvolvcst hc acrluls~t~uonf a scl ol'plans ol';~ction thal can he applictl in a v;~r~colyf L ~ I s I ~ s w ith111n clom;~~(nd c .long ancl 17crg~lson-1-lcsslcl1. 996; scc also S t o ~ P~I tr r l . 1990). Allliougli much tlcb;~ tc cxrsts as to t11c exact nature and Ibrmat ol' long-term mcmory struclul-cs (c.g. I-lcrrmann ancl Ilarwood 1980, 'I'~11vlng1 987, Nyhcrg ancl l'ulv~ng 1996), In 1111s paper we li)cus on a I'orm of lo~ig-term mcmory tracl~tic)nally ignored in the [cam I~lcroturc--cpisoclic 111cmory. Wc suggest tlinl this cl~sli~lcllix m ol' mcmory is a critical componcnl 01' tlic team Icnowlcclge base that rli.~vcsp crli)r~nnncca, nti niay bc ~~orticul:~irnllylu cntinl ill clistributccl environments. El~ihod~mcc mory pcrtalns lo a~~tobiograph~cI<:~noIw lctlgc stored In rcl;~tion In ~nlcracllons with the cnvironmcnl (c.g. Tulving 19x2, Rilddclcy 2002). la the context ol' teams, we suggest that episodic mcmory is composccl ol' intc~;~clio~wlisth Lcum- ~natcsn ntl the scenarios or situat~onsc ngagccl l ~ ytl ic (cam. We i ~ r g t~ll~at cc l~isodic -m emory has, hcrctol'c~rc, bccn largely ~gno~.cciln motlcls of kaln pcrform;~ncc. I licrclbrc, its incl~~sioinn ~ L IfII-n. m cworlc elf disl 1.il7~l1c cl Lc;~mp crIi)~.man cc rcl?rcscnts

I ~~niqucco nll.~l>utiont o this bocly 01' rcscurcli. Noncll~clcss,s omc tl~co~~cticnl

appro;ldics to teams have discussctl nnulogo~~cosn st l.i~ct\\.A ltho~~gnho t spcc~lically ~clc~lt~licatsl 'cp~sodicn lcmory', rcsca~~clrln Lransnclivc mc~nory systc111~( c.g. Morclniicl 2nd Myuskovsky 2000) illustralcs how long-term memory stores dcvclol-, ~ L I LCO C I ~ I S O ~CI CX ~ ~ C ~ ~ C I ;I1C1C1dSc an altcr group-lcvcl I>I occsscs. Transactive mcmory systcm:, (TMS) arc :I form ol' shared mental modcl whcrchy Lc;~rn mcmhcrs tio no1 slorc all uspccts ol'lcnowlcdgc ralcvanl to their task, rntl~cl~llc. y storc who is uwnrc oS wl~aitn formation. '17MS tlicory suggcsls that tci1111m cmbcrs clicoclc and store Learn- ~.clatctl~ nlhrmut~opnc r.tulnlng to c:~ptth~lit~(c.sg . Wcgncr 1987) and/or the task (c.g. I,~ung PI (11. 1995).

WE ARGUE THAT EPISODIC MEMORY HAS BEEN LARGELY IGNORED IN MODELS OF TEAM PERFORMANCE

Incrcus~ngt cam li~mil~aritayll ows mcmbc~.st o Llac thc~r~ ntcractivcc xpcl-icncc us the ~nfbrmation 1~;lsis for this storage. These long-term mcn1ol.y stores, in turn, arc ~lscel ilS il wily 111 w111cIi nicmbers gauge team member rolc ~~csl~onsibililiacnsd cal-,;~b~liti(ccsf . I<OLISC CI 111. 1992) and, to tlic ticgrcc they :ire nccu~.alc,m ay dccrcasc Ilic occurrcncc of coordination dcc~.crnenl. For cxatnple, tc:um member lil~niliJsarmi.ily w~lal ltcr tlie linguistic aspect oftcam interaction in tllat comtnun~cat~oISn l i~c~l~lalctl by tlie clcvclopmcnt ol'co~~lmon-grouncolr 'a co~iin-ronla nguage for tlcscribing taslcs' (Liung 01 ol. 1995: 386; sec also Clark and Willtcs-Gibbs 1986, FLISSCaInI cl K r n ~ ~