Practice exam for exam 2

From Iusmhistology

  • started here on 03/02/11 at 2PM.


  • First half of alphabet in MS326 until 10:30,

Qx3pvg Left on my site a link to this post. I think many people will be interested in it..!

Contents

[edit] Question 2

  • What is the shaded region?
    • Portal space
  • What is within?
    • Portal triad: hepatic arteriole, portal venule, bile ductule and lymphatics


  • Space of Diss has Ito cells which produce collagen.

[edit] Question 3

  • Name these secretory structures.
    • Ascini
  • Name the organ (submandibular, sublingual, pancreas, parotid)
    • Submandibular gland (b/c not many mucus cells--basally located nuclei and white mucus sacs)
    • Could be parotid though, because most of parotid is serous; however, parotid will have some fat cells relative to mucus cells, too.
  • What type of duct is this?
    • Striated b/c specialized for ion transport so they have some striations b/c of lots of mt for protein pump production.
    • Smallest is intercalated, then interlobular, and then striated.


  • Myoepithelial cells are usually not visible without a special stain.

[edit] Question 4

  • What region is this (in an epiphyseal plate--endochondrial ossification)?
    • Region of ossification--can be differentiated from calcification region b/c of presence of lots of osteoblast cells
    • Recall that proliferation region shows stacks b/c they have been mitotic.

[edit] Question 5

  • Name the cell:
    • Osteoclast (multiple nuclei, in a pit)
  • Name the space in which it sits.
    • Resorptive pit = Hawships lacunae
    • There is a ruffled border where cathepsin K is and TRAP works.


  • Clasts come from monocytes via RANKL signaling.

[edit] Question 6

  • Identify this segment of the GI tract.
    • Duodenum
  • What is the gland?
    • Brunner's glands
      • Make mucus that is high in bicarb.
      • In the submucosa

[edit] Question 7

  • What explains the organization of cells and matrix in this region?
    • Could be that the area hasn't been remodeled as osteons
    • Osteoblasts on the insdie with osteoid below (not yet mineralized) which osteocytes and then osteons.
    • Both bone lining and osteoblasts make up the endosteum lining.

[edit] Question 8

  • Identify the stacked chondrocyte structures.
    • Isogenous groups
  • What type of cells are these.
    • Chondrocytes
  • What mechanism of growth has occurred.
    • Interstitial growth
      • Can occur b/c collagen is pliable (can't occur in mature bone)
  • What type of collagen is found in the surrounding matrix.
    • Type II collagen (found in all cartilage matrix)
    • We know it is hyaline cartilage b/c we see no linear fibers.

[edit] Question 9

  • What compartment or region is shown here?
    • Primary ossification center (and also the marrow cavity within the diaphysis of the bone).
  • What steps had to occur to get to this point of development?
    • Cartilage model made
    • Chondrocytes start to calcify their matrix, hypertrophy, apoptose, send out signals for vascularization.
    • Bone collar forms (via apositional growth from osteoblasts)--really this is separate
    • Vasculature invades and brings with it cells of osteogenic potential
    • Osteoblasts convert cartilage to bone

[edit] Question 10

  • Identify the organ.
    • Pancreas (id'd by centroacinar cells)
  • Name the structure
    • Secretory ascini
  • Name the cell type identified
    • Centroacinar cells

[edit] Question 11

  • What segment of the gi tract is this?
    • SI
  • What layers of the gut wall are contained within (the vili)?
    • Mucosa, submucosa
  • What are the folds of the wall called?
    • Plicae circularis
  • What plane of section is this?
    • Longitudinal (b/c you see the circular layer of muscularis externa running in and out of the screen)

[edit] Question 12

  • What segment of the GI trat is this?
    • Stomach
  • Which part of the stomach?
    • Fundus (makes acids and digestive enzymes so it has very long glands)
      • Neck and base of gland have parietal cells (fried eggs), chief cells.
    • Has a muscularis mucosa

[edit] Question 13

  • What is model of liver lobule is depicted?
    • Portal lobule
  • What does this portray?
    • Bile flow

[edit] Question 14

  • What segment of the GI tract is this?
    • Colon
  • What is this structure?
    • Crypt of lieberkuhn = intestinal gland

[edit] Question 15

  • Identify the structure at the arrow?
    • Bile canaliculi
  • What is the cell at the red and green arrows?
    • Red = Kupffer cell
    • Green = endothelial cells
  • What separates the red and green cells?
    • Perisinusoidal space (space of Disse).

[edit] Question 16

  • what is the material at the arrow?
    • Calcified cartilage matrix
      • Recall that bone will be near the cells.

[edit] Question 17

  • What segment of the GI tract is this?
    • Tongue, within the oropharynx

[edit] Question 18

  • What are the dark lines?
    • Canaliculi, hold interstital fluid and filopodia of osteocytes.
  • What do osteocytes do?
    • Maintains osteon bone matrix

[edit] Question 19

  • What explains the light dark pattern with polarization optics?
    • Orientation of collagen fibers.

[edit] Question 20

  • What gland is this?
    • Under the circumvallae papillae
    • A lingual serous gland
  • Where do the excretory ducts of this gland open?
    • Releases at the cleft.
  • What is the nature of the secretory product and its function?
    • Watery, proteiny product.
    • Aids in taste by acting as a solvent.

[edit] Question 21

  • What fiber type is contained in the matrix at the left that is not in the right?
    • Elastic fibers
      • Show up in orcein stain


  • stopped here on 03/02/11 at 3:12PM.
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