Tientsin-Fort Bayart

From Ipon

Région administrative spéciale de Tientsin-Fort Bayart (fr)
天津炮台勇敢 特别行政区 (cn)

Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Liberté, Egalité, Progrès" "Liberty, Equality, Progress"
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Capital	Tientsin-Fort Bayart (天津炮台勇敢)
Largest city	Tientsin-Fort Bayart
Official language(s)	French, Chinese , English
Government Prefect-Governor	parliament democracy Robert Lee
Republic Foundation Convention of Tientsin Transfert of Sovereignty	circa 900 1831 1998
Area  • Total  • Water (%)	nc km²  nc
Population  • 2007 est.  • nc census  • Density	3,000,000 () nc /km² ()
GDP (PPP)  • Total  • Per capita	$100.00billion $41,000
HDI	0.931
Currency	Franc-Tientsin (FrT)
Time zone  • Summer (DST)	UTC+8 (UTC+8) +8 (UTC+8)
Internet TLD	.ti1
Calling code	+654
(1) ..

Tientsin-Fort Bayart, sometimes just called Tientsin or Fort Bayart, is one of the three special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The territory lies near the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province in the north and facing the South China Sea in the east and south. The territory begun as a trading port at the eve of the XIXth century and with the asian economic boost of the 60s, started to be a leading financial center, like Hong Kong or Singapur.

Tientsin-Fort Bayart was a French Concession from 1831 to 1946. After the WWII, it has became a overseas Territory of France until the transfer of its sovereignty in 1998. The Sino-French Joint Declaration and the Basic law of Tientsin-Fort Bayart stipulate that the territory should stay a SAR until at least 2048. Whereas Hong Kong, Tientsin is fully sovereign on it Foreign Affairs.

History

Human settlement in the location now known as Tientsin dates back from the Paleolitic area. The proper city of Tientsin was first mentioned circa 250 BC. Tientsin was a independant state since its vasalisation by Ming Dinasty in 1745. The Tientsin Dinasty reign over a small plot a land that is aproximatly was is today Tientsin- Fort Bayart SAR.

During the Dinastic Area, how historians called the period where Tientsin Dinasty rule the region, a quire properous city has emerged on Tientsin Island. Under the reign (1570-1599) of Li Hongzhang (李鴻章), the walls of the Old Town has been built, and the Winter Castle, located at the middle of the Old Town has been largely rebuilt. The Reign of Li Hongzhand is the start of Tientsin golden period. Many Temples have been rebuilt, a summer castle has been created on Tientsin Mainland. During the XVIth century the Jesuit China Mision seen Tientsin as a start of the Christinization of Chinese land.

In 1589, Tientsin Dinasty acorded the right of setlement to the Compagny of Jesus. 50 years latter, Kangxi (康熙) became christian. He will not be followed by his sons, but a certain tolerance has been instaured in Tientsin. At the begining of the XVIIth century about an half of Tientsin Population was Catholic. The Saint George Church was built outside the walls of Tientsin, where the Cathedral where built in 1879. This religious particulary of Tientsin was one of the major point of the non absuprtion of Tientsin Identity in the Imperial Chinese one.

This period will stop in 1670 and will followed by the vasalization of Tientsin by the Ming Dinasty and the incorporation to Imperial China in 1820 during the Qing Dinasty. Tientsin Catholics didn't recognize themself into the Imeperial Chinese and became to fight and find the help of Jesuits.

In the XIXth Century, due to Tientsin religion particularity, dozens of riots of Tientsin inhabitants protesting against the Chinese incorporation hit Tientsin. With the restoration of the Company of Jesus in 1810, a French Jesuits Hipolythe de Couet was sent to a mission in China. He heard of the situation of Tientsin. Hipolythe tries to make France intervene in the conflict, but the french political instability didn't help his aim and no other european countries wanted to intervene. His dream was to create a Chinese Catholic State, under Jesuit's rule, and Tientsin was the best spot to try. Unfortunalty by asking for Louis-Philippe help, He was killing his dream. Louis-Philippe wasn't very open to let Tientsin a independant country, he had other plan in mind.

The recently created July Monarchy, searching a "fait d'armes" to proof its legitimity try to convince China to sell Tientsin to France.Because of the nightmarish positions of Chinese Representants and the un-strategic position of Tientsin, China accepted to sell Tientsin Island, where most of the Catholics resided, but keep the control over Tientsin Mainland. With the Convention of Tientsin, the Duchee of Fort Bayart is created and the city is renamed Fort Bayart inhonor of the Chevalier Bayart,his valour largely contributed to the victory of Marignan in 1515. The new french colony was the pearl of the July Monarchy/ Louis-Phillipe did everything he could to promote Tientsin. He sent many architects and artists to built a new city.

François de Nemours, the child of the Duke of Nemours and exil compagnion of Louis Phillippe D'Orléans, was apointed to be the first Duke-Governor of Tientsin, He was the First Duke of Fort Bayart. French started the planing of a new Town,now called Quartier de Fort Bayart(Fort Bayart Quarter). With the Revolution of 1848, which instaured the 2nd Republic in France, Charles, son of François de Nemours, embrased the republican spirits with Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, future Napoleon III. Charles Duke of Fort Bayart gained the right to stay governor of Fort Bayart but lost his title. In 1860, after China's defeat in the Second Opium War, Mainland of the Former Tientsin Dinasty was ratached to Fort Bayart Region, Who Shau and Sui Po Islands and the Ngong Shuen County, today the Carrière District. The

By helping Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in his coup d'état in 1852, Charles regained his title. During the IInd Empire, Fort Bayart knew a rapid developement. Major Urban Planing has been started. The Baron Haussman planed the new Fort Bayart City. The center of his masterplaning was a cathedral "à la" Notre Dame of Paris. The Haussmanian Style became very fashionable and a lot of old chinese buildings has been destroyed to be replace by occidendal on in Fort Bayart. Hopefully the country side and smaller Towns has been mainly preserved.

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