Rise and rule of single-party states

From Ibstudy

	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China
time of rule	1924-1953	1933-1945	1922-1945	civil war 1931-1949, rule 1949-1976
rise to power	tactical, political manipulation (stuff like making trotsky miss lenin's funeral, and creating a cult of lenin)	public appeal, weak Weimar constitution, support from anti-communists, fought in WWI, Reichstag Fire, Strong image	public appeal, military 'threat' (march on rome), fought in WWI (see slideshow)	public appeal (not stealing during war with kuomintang), 'long march'
fall from power	Death only (USSR falls later)	WWII (+suicide)	WWII (attempted escape + execution)	death only
Foreign policy:	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China
invaded anything?	only buffer states, specifically Poland	'lebensraum,' re-uniting Germany w/ Austria, reclaim Ruhr and Germans from Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) - , then taking over the whole freakin' world	unite Italy, colonize Abyssinia (Ethiopia) (recreate Roman empire)	unite the Chinese
treaties	Nazi-Soviet pact (agreement to not attack each other, and to divide Poland)	Nazi-Soviet pact (agreement to not attack each other, and to divide Poland), Rome-Berlin Axis	Rome-Berlin Axis	Isolation
Domestic goals	creation of strong self-sufficient soviet state through industrialization and collectivization, "Socialism in one country"	rearmament, purify German Blood	establishment of corporate state, reclaim glory of Rome, battle for babies/land/grain etc, increase nationalism + militarism	establish communist state
Economy:	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China
industrialized already?	no	yes	partly	no
industrialization	5 year plans	prioritized industry (for war)	corporate state	5 year plans, Great leap forward (bad because they melted down scrap metal and made it into tractors, which then broke)
centralization	yes	yes	yes	yes
collectivization	yes, forced in many cases	no	no	yes, but not forced!
Political control:	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China
political position	Socialist: "Socialism in one country"	Nazi/Fascist	Fascist, Corporate State	Communist
re: political opposition	political parties banned, show trials	political parties banned	political parties banned	political parties banned, show trials
resistance anyway?	Gulag'd	yes	yes	Kuomintang still in Taiwan
purges	Political purges	Political purges		Political purges (rectification campaign)
democratic discussion	no	no	no	no
secret police	KGB	Gestapo, S.S. LOTS of informants		Informants
Social control:	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China
control of the media/propaganda	Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted	Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted. Goebbel important	Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted, propaganda in modern arts+media	Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted
cult of personality	yes	yes	yes	yes
instill nationalism?	yes	yes	yes	yes
use of military	purges, reign of terror, secret police: rather than military	military state	military state	Red Guards
common enemy	capitalism	communists, non-aryans, Jews, signatories of Versailles	communists, (signatories of Versailles)	capitalism
church and state	anti-religious (allowed pogroms)	Went along with the church initially, as it promoted family values, but hoped that eventually Christian ideas would be forgotten by society	concordat of Rome, Lateran pact: recognized the church, gave them their own state, allowed them to have youth organizations -> led to divided loyalties	anti-religious
antisemitism	existed already (with Tsars, etc)	yes, to the extent of genocide	attempted but unpopular	none
ethnic cleansing	russification, stalinisation ?	yes	no	no
classless society?	yes	class shd be meaningless: opportunity for all Germans, but dictatorship is fine	ultimate aim	yes
cultural changes	none(?)	yes - nature, family, 'germanic ideal'	yes - natural inheritor of ancient Rome, return to traditional family values	creation of new china (abolish four olds - culture, habits, customs, ideas), cultural revolution
role of women	Expected to be active in the drive to develop Russian Industry, as well as fuffiling the more menial and domestic tasks at home (for HL detail, see here )	assigned roles - breed aryans	originally supposed to be equal, later became housewives only
Difficulties	'de-kulakization' leads to ppl burning crops and killing animals rather than give them up	he shouldnt've invaded Russia.	general strength of Italy wasn't really that great.	had to fight a civil war, and Great Leap forward produced faulty machinery
Writings	'foundations of leninism'	Mein Kampf	newspapers lol	lil' red book
Conclusion:	Hitler, Stalin, Mao and Mussolini were actually the SAME PERSON!!! OMFG			CHINA IS IN ASIA
	Stalin's Russia	Hitler's Germany	Mussolini's Italy	Mao's China

Outside Resources:

• An immensely helpful Google Spreadsheet being used to study History. A Single party leader comparison sheet is on the second sheet.