Rise and rule of single-party states
From Ibstudy
| Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| time of rule | 1924-1953 | 1933-1945 | 1922-1945 | civil war 1931-1949, rule 1949-1976 |
| rise to power | tactical, political manipulation (stuff like making trotsky miss lenin's funeral, and creating a cult of lenin) | public appeal, weak Weimar constitution, support from anti-communists, fought in WWI, Reichstag Fire, Strong image | public appeal, military 'threat' (march on rome), fought in WWI (see slideshow) | public appeal (not stealing during war with kuomintang), 'long march' |
| fall from power | Death only (USSR falls later) | WWII (+suicide) | WWII (attempted escape + execution) | death only |
| Foreign policy: | Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China |
| invaded anything? | only buffer states, specifically Poland | 'lebensraum,' re-uniting Germany w/ Austria, reclaim Ruhr and Germans from Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) - , then taking over the whole freakin' world | unite Italy, colonize Abyssinia (Ethiopia) (recreate Roman empire) | unite the Chinese |
| treaties | Nazi-Soviet pact (agreement to not attack each other, and to divide Poland) | Nazi-Soviet pact (agreement to not attack each other, and to divide Poland), Rome-Berlin Axis | Rome-Berlin Axis | Isolation |
| Domestic goals | creation of strong self-sufficient soviet state through industrialization and collectivization, "Socialism in one country" | rearmament, purify German Blood | establishment of corporate state, reclaim glory of Rome, battle for babies/land/grain etc, increase nationalism + militarism | establish communist state |
| Economy: | Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China |
| industrialized already? | no | yes | partly | no |
| industrialization | 5 year plans | prioritized industry (for war) | corporate state | 5 year plans, Great leap forward (bad because they melted down scrap metal and made it into tractors, which then broke) |
| centralization | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| collectivization | yes, forced in many cases | no | no | yes, but not forced! |
| Political control: | Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China |
| political position | Socialist: "Socialism in one country" | Nazi/Fascist | Fascist, Corporate State | Communist |
| re: political opposition | political parties banned, show trials | political parties banned | political parties banned | political parties banned, show trials |
| resistance anyway? | Gulag'd | yes | yes | Kuomintang still in Taiwan |
| purges | Political purges | Political purges | Political purges (rectification campaign) | |
| democratic discussion | no | no | no | no |
| secret police | KGB | Gestapo, S.S. LOTS of informants | Informants | |
| Social control: | Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China |
| control of the media/propaganda | Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted | Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted. Goebbel important | Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted, propaganda in modern arts+media | Censorship - newspapers, limiting works of artists, school books adapted |
| cult of personality | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| instill nationalism? | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| use of military | purges, reign of terror, secret police: rather than military | military state | military state | Red Guards |
| common enemy | capitalism | communists, non-aryans, Jews, signatories of Versailles | communists, (signatories of Versailles) | capitalism |
| church and state | anti-religious (allowed pogroms) | Went along with the church initially, as it promoted family values, but hoped that eventually Christian ideas would be forgotten by society | concordat of Rome, Lateran pact: recognized the church, gave them their own state, allowed them to have youth organizations -> led to divided loyalties | anti-religious |
| antisemitism | existed already (with Tsars, etc) | yes, to the extent of genocide | attempted but unpopular | none |
| ethnic cleansing | russification, stalinisation ? | yes | no | no |
| classless society? | yes | class shd be meaningless: opportunity for all Germans, but dictatorship is fine | ultimate aim | yes |
| cultural changes | none(?) | yes - nature, family, 'germanic ideal' | yes - natural inheritor of ancient Rome, return to traditional family values | creation of new china (abolish four olds - culture, habits, customs, ideas), cultural revolution |
| role of women | Expected to be active in the drive to develop Russian Industry, as well as fuffiling the more menial and domestic tasks at home (for HL detail, see here ) | assigned roles - breed aryans | originally supposed to be equal, later became housewives only | |
| Difficulties | 'de-kulakization' leads to ppl burning crops and killing animals rather than give them up | he shouldnt've invaded Russia. | general strength of Italy wasn't really that great. | had to fight a civil war, and Great Leap forward produced faulty machinery |
| Writings | 'foundations of leninism' | Mein Kampf | newspapers lol | lil' red book |
| Conclusion: | Hitler, Stalin, Mao and Mussolini were actually the SAME PERSON!!! OMFG | CHINA IS IN ASIA | ||
| Stalin's Russia | Hitler's Germany | Mussolini's Italy | Mao's China |
[edit] Outside Resources:
- An immensely helpful Google Spreadsheet being used to study History. A Single party leader comparison sheet is on the second sheet.
