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Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Staging and Prognosis, Treatments, and Treatment Results
Stage IIA disease is defined as T1, N1, MO. This means that 1) the tumor is less than 3 cm with no evidence of invasion into the main bronchus (the main airway) 2) There is involvement of local lymph nodes on the same side of the chest (hilar, intrapulmonary, peribronchial) and 3) there is no metastasis to other sites such as the liver or brain. Lung cancer surgery can be curative or palliative. Curative surgery aims to cure a patient with early stage lung cancer by removing all of the cancerous tissue. Palliative surgery aims to remove an obstruction or open an airway, making the patient more comfortable but not necessarily removing the cancer. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world, causing more than 1.3 million deaths annually. Most lung cancers occur in people who smoke, but the cancer does affect individuals who have never smoked. The initial evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staging uses the TNM classification. This based on the size of the primary umor, lymph ode involvement, and distant etastasis. After this, using the TNM descriptors, a group is assigned, ranging from occult cancer, through stages 0, IA (one-A), IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IV (four). This stage group assists with the choice of treatment and estimate of prognosis. Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has traditionally been classified as 'limited stage' (confined to one half of the chest and within the scope of a single tolerable radiotherapy field) or 'extensive stage' (more widespread disease). However, the TNM classification and grouping are useful in estimating prognosis. Radiation therapy may be delivered "internally," by means of a needle or catheter packed with tiny seeds of radioactive material inserted into the chest near the tumor. It may also be delivered "externally" via a machine that beams the radiation at the cancer. Recently, sophisticated new techniques, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, have given doctors the ability to target lung tumors with greater accuracy than ever before. This accuracy allows physicians to safely deliver very high doses of radiation, and is especially beneficial when killing tumors that are close to sensitive areas, such as the heart and spinal cord. Lung cancer generally takes many years to develop even though damage to the lungs may occur shortly after a person is exposed to cancer-causing substances.
Encyclopedia.com articles about lung cancer
Based on rates from 2007-2009, 6.99% of men and women born today will be diagnosed with cancer of the lung and bronchus at some time during their lifetime. This number can also be expressed as 1 in 14 men and women will be diagnosed with cancer of the lung and bronchus during their lifetime. These statistics are called the lifetime risk CloseThe probability of developing cancer in the course of one's lifespan. Lifetime risk may also be discussed in terms of the probability of developing or of dying from cancer. Based on cancer rates from 2007 to 2009, it was estimated that men had about a 45 percent chance of developing cancer in their lifetimes, while women had about a 38 percent chance. of developing cancer. Sometimes it is more useful to look at the probability of developing CloseThe chance that a person will develop cancer in his/her lifetime. cancer of the lung and bronchus between two age groups. For example, 2.88% of men will develop cancer of the lung and bronchus between their 50th and 70th birthdays compared to 2.24% for women. (See Fast Stats for more detailed statistics, and Probability of Developing and Dying of Cancer for methodology) -
Lung Cancer - What Causes Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is a disease caused by the rapid growth and division of cells that make up the lungs. Lung cancer is sometimes called "bronchogenic cancer," or it may be described by its particular histologic type, that is the type of tissue that is affected. PEPITA Study: An Observational Study of Tarceva (Erlotinib) in Second Line in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Makes up about 80% of lung cancers. [www.lungcancer.org NSCLC]is classified as: Tong L, Spitz MR, Fueger JJ, et al: "Lung carcinoma in former smokers". Cancer 78:1004-10, 1996. For this technique, a light-activated drug called porfimer sodium (Photofrin) is injected into a vein. Over the next couple of days, the drug is more likely to collect in cancer cells than in normal cells. A bronchoscope is then passed down the throat and into the lung. This may be done with either local anesthesia (where the throat is numbed) or general anesthesia (where you are in a deep sleep). A special red light on the end of the bronchoscope is aimed at the tumor, which activates the drug and causes the cells to die. The dead cells are then removed a few days later during a bronchoscopy. This process can be repeated if needed. Clinical trials are one of the most successful ways of treating stage 4 lung cancer, and they have been found to increase survival rates for some. This may be due to the fact that patients participating in a clinical trial receive closer attention than those being treated under regular circumstances. There are always clinical trials going on to help increase the odds of surviving stage 4 lung cancer.
