Political parties

From Bolivian Politics

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The following is a list of Bolivian political parties.
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All '''political parties''' must register with the [[National Electoral Court]] (CNE). Recent constitutional changes allow [[civic associations]] and indigenous communities to register and run slates of candidates in municipal, departmental, and national elections. Some of the orgaqnizations registered with the CNE are more appropriately considered electoral fronts, electoral alliances, or civic groups; for simplicity, they are all referred to here as "parties."
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== The party system ==
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Bolivia has, for much of its recent post-democratization history,  had a multiparty system. Until 2002, the [[Political party system|party system]] was dominated by three to five medium-sized parties. Seats in the [[National Congress]] are (since 1997) elected in a [[mixed-member proportional]] electoral system. Before 2005, no presidential candidate won a simple majority, and [[coalition governments]] were the norm. Recently, the party system has become dominated by two electoral parties: [[MAS]] and [[PODEMOS]].
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== Categorizing Bolivia's political parties ==
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== Major parties ==
== Major parties ==
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The following political parties, civic associations, or electoral alliances won seats in the [[2006 constituent assembly election]]. They are divided into '''national parties''' (those that ran candidates in every department) and '''regional parties''' (those that ran candidates in only one or a few departments).
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Only four parties won legislative seats in the [[2005 general election]]: [[MAS]], [[PODEMOS]], [[MNR]], and [[UN]]. A total of twenty parties won delegate seats in the [[2006 constituent assembly election]]; some of those parties are only regional parties, running candidates in only one of the country's nine departments.
=== National parties ===
=== National parties ===
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The following political parties have presence in all nine departments.
* [[Acción Democrática Nacionalista]] (ADN)
* [[Acción Democrática Nacionalista]] (ADN)
* [[Concertación Nacional]] (CN)
* [[Concertación Nacional]] (CN)
* [[Frente de Unidad Nacional]] (UN)
* [[Frente de Unidad Nacional]] (UN)
* [[Movimiento al Socialismo]] (MAS)
* [[Movimiento al Socialismo]] (MAS)
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* [[Movimiento Ayra]] (AYRA)
* [[Movimiento Bolivia Libre]] (MBL)
* [[Movimiento Bolivia Libre]] (MBL)
* [[Movimiento de Ia Izquierda Revolucionaria - Nueva Mayoría]] (MIR-NM)
* [[Movimiento de Ia Izquierda Revolucionaria - Nueva Mayoría]] (MIR-NM)
* [[Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario]] (MNR)
* [[Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario]] (MNR)
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* [[Poder Democrático y Social]] (PODEMOS)
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* [[Poder Democrático y Social]] (PODEMOS) — officially registered as [[Alianza Siglo XXI]] (ASXXI)
=== Regional parties ===
=== Regional parties ===
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* [[Alianza 3]] - the '''Santa Cruz''' party campaigned in alliance with [[MNR]] as [[A3-MNR]]
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The following parties have presence in only one department.
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* [[Alianza Andrés Ibañez]] (AAI) - '''Santa Cruz'''
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* [[Alianza Social]] (AS) - '''Potosí'''
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* [[Alianza Social Patriotica]] (ASP)
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* [[Autonomía Para Bolivia]] (APB) - '''Santa Cruz'''
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* [[Frente Revolucionario de Izquierda]] (FRI) - the '''Tarija''' party campaigned in alliance with [[MNR]] as [[Camino al Cambio]] (MNR-FRI)
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* [[Movimiento Ayra]] (AYRA)
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* [[Movimiento Ciudadano San Felipe de Austria]] (MCSFA) - '''Potosí'''
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* [[Movimiento Originario Popular]] (MOP) - '''Potosí'''
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=== Other regional parties ===
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*'''La Paz'''
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* [[Alianza por la Unidad Cochabambina]] (AUN)
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** [[Alianza Social Patriótica]] (ASP)
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* [[Movimiento Sin Miedo]] (MSM)
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** [[Movimiento Sin Miedo]] (MSM)
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* [[Plan Progreso]] (PP)
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** [[Plan Progreso]] (PP)
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*'''Cochabamba'''
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** [[Alianza por la Unidad Cochabambina]] (AUN)
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==== Minor parties ====
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*'''Oruro'''
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The following parties did not elect delegates in the most recent [[2006 constituent assembly elecion]].
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** [[Movimiento Ciudadano San Felipe de Austria]] (MCSFA)
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*'''Potosí'''
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** [[Alianza Social]] (AS)
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** [[Movimiento Originario Popular]] (MOP)
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*'''Tarija'''
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** [[Frente Revolucionario de Izquierda]] (FRI)
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*'''Santa Cruz'''
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** [[Alianza Trabajo, Responsabilidad, Eficiencia y Seguridad]] (Alianza-TRES or A-3)
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** [[Alianza Andrés Ibañez]] (AAI)
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** [[Autonomía Para Bolivia]] (APB)
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== Minor parties ==
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The following parties did not elect delegates in the most recent [[2006 constituent assembly election]].
* [[Alianza de Bases]] (ALBA)
* [[Alianza de Bases]] (ALBA)
* [[Alianza Social Integradora]] (ASI)
* [[Alianza Social Integradora]] (ASI)
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* [[Unidad Cívica Solidaridad]] (UCS)
* [[Unidad Cívica Solidaridad]] (UCS)
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== Need to edit ==
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== Parties that have lost legal status ==
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The following parties lost their legal status after the [[2006 constituent assembly election]].
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=== Parties that lost their registration in 2006 ===
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* [[Convergencia Democrática Ciudadana]] (CDC)
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* [[Movimiento Ayra]] (AYRA)
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* [[Movimiento de Acción Ciudadana]] (MACA)
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* [[Movimiento Autónomo Regional]] (MAR)
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* [[Movimiento Bolivia Libre]] (MBL)
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* [[Movimiento de Integración Boliviana]] (MIBOL)
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* [[Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria]] (MIR)
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* [[Transformación Democrática y Patriótica]] (TRADEPA)
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The following parties lost their legal status after the [[2005 general election]].
* [[Frente Patriótico Agropecuario de Bolivia]] (FREPAB)
* [[Frente Patriótico Agropecuario de Bolivia]] (FREPAB)
* [[Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti]] (MIP)
* [[Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti]] (MIP)
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* [[Unión Social de Trabajadores de Bolivia]] (USTB)
* [[Unión Social de Trabajadores de Bolivia]] (USTB)
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=== Parties that lost their registration in 2005 ===
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==Ideological classification==
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* [[Movimiento Bolivariano]] (MOVIBOL)
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Because of the country's strong [[populist legacy]], Bolivian parties are often difficult to categorize by ideology. Likewise, many parties officially declare themselves as "nationalist" or [[national revolutionary parties]], regardless of where they fit on a left-right spectrum. Nevertheless, parties can be classified into the following categories:
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* [[Vanguardia Institucional Mariscal de Ayacucho]] (VIMA)
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* [[Christian democratic parties|Christian democrat]]
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* [[Katarista parties|Katarista]] (Andean "indigenous")
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=== Parties that lost their registration in 2002-2003 ===
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* [[Marxist-socialist parties|Marxist-socialist]]
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* [[Conciencia de Patria - Movimiento Patriótico]] (CONDEPA-MP)
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* [[Syndicalist parties|Syndicalist]]
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* [[Falange Socialista Boliviana]] (FSB)
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* [[Neoliberal parties|Neoliberal]] (or "systemic")
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* [[Katarismo Nacional Democrático]] (KND)
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* [[Neopopulist parties|Neopopulist]]
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* [[Libertad y Justicia]] (LyJ)
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* [[Regionalist parties|Regionalist]]
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* [[Movimiento Ciudadano Para el Cambio]] (MCC)
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* [[Social democratic parties|Social democrat]]
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* [[Movimiento Revolucionario Tupaq Katari de Liberación]] (MRTKL)
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A final type are the [[personalist parties]], which are both difficult to classify on any spectrum and quite common on Bolivian politics. A variety of political parties display a strong element of personalism, but the term is reserved for those that are almost purely personalist political vehicles.
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* [[Partido Comunista de Bolivia]] (PCB)
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* [[Partido Fuerza Joven]] (PFJ)
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* [[Partido Socialista]] (PS)
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* [[Vanguardia Revolucionaria 9 de Abril]] (VR-9), formerly [[MNRV]]
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== Historical political parties ==
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* [[Alianza Renovadora de Bolivia]] (ARBOL)
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* [[Izquierda Unida]] (IU)
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* [[Eje Pachakuti]]
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* [[Historical_parties#Parties_of_the_1980s|Political parties of the 1980s]]
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* [[Historical_parties#Parties_of_the_post-Chaco_era|Political parties of the post-Chaco era]]
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* [[Historical_parties#Parties_of_the_liberal_republic|Political parties of the liberal republic]]
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* [[Movimiento de Unidad Social Patriótica]] (MUSPA)
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''Semi-Complete list:'' [[ACP]], [[ARENA]], [[ASP]], [[AUR]], [[FNP]], [[FPU]], [[FSN]], [[FULKA]], [[Independent]], [[M-17]], [[MFD]], [[MKN]], [[MPP]], [[MRTK]], [[PDB]], [[PS-1]], [[VSB]].
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== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Political party system]]
* [[Political party system]]
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* [[Historical parties]]
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* [[Elections]]

Current revision as of 13:14, 7 November 2007

All political parties must register with the National Electoral Court (CNE). Recent constitutional changes allow civic associations and indigenous communities to register and run slates of candidates in municipal, departmental, and national elections. Some of the orgaqnizations registered with the CNE are more appropriately considered electoral fronts, electoral alliances, or civic groups; for simplicity, they are all referred to here as "parties."

Bolivia has, for much of its recent post-democratization history, had a multiparty system. Until 2002, the party system was dominated by three to five medium-sized parties. Seats in the National Congress are (since 1997) elected in a mixed-member proportional electoral system. Before 2005, no presidential candidate won a simple majority, and coalition governments were the norm. Recently, the party system has become dominated by two electoral parties: MAS and PODEMOS.

Contents

Major parties

Only four parties won legislative seats in the 2005 general election: MAS, PODEMOS, MNR, and UN. A total of twenty parties won delegate seats in the 2006 constituent assembly election; some of those parties are only regional parties, running candidates in only one of the country's nine departments.

National parties

The following political parties have presence in all nine departments.

Regional parties

The following parties have presence in only one department.

Minor parties

The following parties did not elect delegates in the most recent 2006 constituent assembly election.

Parties that have lost legal status

The following parties lost their legal status after the 2006 constituent assembly election.

The following parties lost their legal status after the 2005 general election.

Ideological classification

Because of the country's strong populist legacy, Bolivian parties are often difficult to categorize by ideology. Likewise, many parties officially declare themselves as "nationalist" or national revolutionary parties, regardless of where they fit on a left-right spectrum. Nevertheless, parties can be classified into the following categories:

A final type are the personalist parties, which are both difficult to classify on any spectrum and quite common on Bolivian politics. A variety of political parties display a strong element of personalism, but the term is reserved for those that are almost purely personalist political vehicles.

See also

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