Political parties

From Bolivian Politics

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Bolivia's political party system was, until recently, dominated by three parties: [[MNR]], [[ADN]], [[MIR]]. These three provided presidents in each post-transition election; they occupy a [[centrist]] position. The poor showing of 2002 ADN brought questions about the party's continued relevance.
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All '''political parties''' must register with the [[National Electoral Court]] (CNE). Recent constitutional changes allow [[civic associations]] and indigenous communities to register and run slates of candidates in municipal, departmental, and national elections. Some of the orgaqnizations registered with the CNE are more appropriately considered electoral fronts, electoral alliances, or civic groups; for simplicity, they are all referred to here as "parties."
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Three major [[populist]] parties emerged in the 1990s: [[Condepa]], [[UCS]], [[NFR]]. The 2002 Condepa showing suggests the party has no future.
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Bolivia has, for much of its recent post-democratization history,  had a multiparty system. Until 2002, the [[Political party system|party system]] was dominated by three to five medium-sized parties. Seats in the [[National Congress]] are (since 1997) elected in a [[mixed-member proportional]] electoral system. Before 2005, no presidential candidate won a simple majority, and [[coalition governments]] were the norm. Recently, the party system has become dominated by two electoral parties: [[MAS]] and [[PODEMOS]].
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Bolivia's ideological left is traditionally weak, and split into three broad categories: [[katarismo]], [[syndicalist]], [[social-democrat]]. By the 2000s, the most significant party in the [[syndicalist]] tradition was [[MAS]]; the most significant party in the [[katarismo]] tradition was [[MIP]]; the most significant party in the [[social-democrat]] tradition was [[MBL]].
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== Major parties ==
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Only four parties won legislative seats in the [[2005 general election]]: [[MAS]], [[PODEMOS]], [[MNR]], and [[UN]]. A total of twenty parties won delegate seats in the [[2006 constituent assembly election]]; some of those parties are only regional parties, running candidates in only one of the country's nine departments.
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Bolivia's ideological right is principally limited to [[FSB]].
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=== National parties ===
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The following political parties have presence in all nine departments.
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* [[Acción Democrática Nacionalista]] (ADN)
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* [[Concertación Nacional]] (CN)
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* [[Frente de Unidad Nacional]] (UN)
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* [[Movimiento al Socialismo]] (MAS)
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* [[Movimiento Ayra]] (AYRA)
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* [[Movimiento Bolivia Libre]] (MBL)
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* [[Movimiento de Ia Izquierda Revolucionaria - Nueva Mayoría]] (MIR-NM)
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* [[Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario]] (MNR)
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* [[Poder Democrático y Social]] (PODEMOS) — officially registered as [[Alianza Siglo XXI]] (ASXXI)
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=== Regional parties ===
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''Complete list:'' [[ACP]], [[ADN]], [[AP]], [[ARBOL]], [[ARENA]], [[ASP]], [[AUR]], [[Condepa]], [[Eje-Pachakuti]], [[FNP]], [[FPU]], [[FRI]], [[FSB]], [[FSN]], [[FULKA]], [[FUN]], [[Independent]], [[IU]], [[KND]], [[LyJ]], [[M-17]], [[MAS]], [[MBL]], [[MCC]], [[MFD]], [[MIN]], [[MIP]], [[MIR]], [[MKN]], [[MNR]], [[MNRI]], [[MNRI-1]], [[MNRV]], [[MPP]], [[MRTK]], [[MRTKL]], [[MSM]], [[NFJ]], [[NFR]], [[PDC]], [[PCB]], [[PDB]], [[PDC]], [[POR]], [[PS]], [[PS-1]], [[UCS]], [[VSB]], [[VR-9]].
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The following parties have presence in only one department.
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It is sometimes difficult to distinguish political parties from civic groups; the two often interact significantly. The above list is limited to groups that actively participate in electoral politics. For others, see [[Civic Groups]].
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*'''La Paz'''
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** [[Alianza Social Patriótica]] (ASP)
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** [[Movimiento Sin Miedo]] (MSM)
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** [[Plan Progreso]] (PP)
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*'''Cochabamba'''
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** [[Alianza por la Unidad Cochabambina]] (AUN)
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*'''Oruro'''
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** [[Movimiento Ciudadano San Felipe de Austria]] (MCSFA)
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*'''Potosí'''
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** [[Alianza Social]] (AS)
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** [[Movimiento Originario Popular]] (MOP)
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*'''Tarija'''
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** [[Frente Revolucionario de Izquierda]] (FRI)
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*'''Santa Cruz'''
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** [[Alianza Trabajo, Responsabilidad, Eficiencia y Seguridad]] (Alianza-TRES or A-3)
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** [[Alianza Andrés Ibañez]] (AAI)
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** [[Autonomía Para Bolivia]] (APB)
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== Minor parties ==
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The following parties did not elect delegates in the most recent [[2006 constituent assembly election]].
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* [[Alianza de Bases]] (ALBA)
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* [[Alianza Social Integradora]] (ASI)
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* [[Convergencia Democrática Ciudadana]] (CDC)
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* [[Movimiento Autónomo Regional]] (MAR)
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* [[Movimiento de Acción Ciudadana]] (MACA)
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* [[Movimiento de Integración Boliviana]] (MIBOL)
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* [[Transformación Democrática y Patriótica]] (TRADEPA)
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* [[Unidad Cívica Solidaridad]] (UCS)
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== Parties that have lost legal status ==
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The following parties lost their legal status after the [[2006 constituent assembly election]].
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* [[Convergencia Democrática Ciudadana]] (CDC)
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* [[Movimiento Ayra]] (AYRA)
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* [[Movimiento de Acción Ciudadana]] (MACA)
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* [[Movimiento Autónomo Regional]] (MAR)
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* [[Movimiento Bolivia Libre]] (MBL)
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* [[Movimiento de Integración Boliviana]] (MIBOL)
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* [[Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria]] (MIR)
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* [[Transformación Democrática y Patriótica]] (TRADEPA)
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The following parties lost their legal status after the [[2005 general election]].
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* [[Frente Patriótico Agropecuario de Bolivia]] (FREPAB)
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* [[Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti]] (MIP)
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* [[Nueva Fuerza Republicana]] (NFR)
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* [[Unión Social de Trabajadores de Bolivia]] (USTB)
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==Ideological classification==
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Because of the country's strong [[populist legacy]], Bolivian parties are often difficult to categorize by ideology. Likewise, many parties officially declare themselves as "nationalist" or [[national revolutionary parties]], regardless of where they fit on a left-right spectrum. Nevertheless, parties can be classified into the following categories:
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* [[Christian democratic parties|Christian democrat]]
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* [[Katarista parties|Katarista]] (Andean "indigenous")
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* [[Marxist-socialist parties|Marxist-socialist]]
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* [[Syndicalist parties|Syndicalist]]
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* [[Neoliberal parties|Neoliberal]] (or "systemic")
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* [[Neopopulist parties|Neopopulist]]
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* [[Regionalist parties|Regionalist]]
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* [[Social democratic parties|Social democrat]]
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A final type are the [[personalist parties]], which are both difficult to classify on any spectrum and quite common on Bolivian politics. A variety of political parties display a strong element of personalism, but the term is reserved for those that are almost purely personalist political vehicles.
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== See also ==
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* [[Political party system]]
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* [[Historical parties]]
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* [[Elections]]

Current revision as of 13:14, 7 November 2007

All political parties must register with the National Electoral Court (CNE). Recent constitutional changes allow civic associations and indigenous communities to register and run slates of candidates in municipal, departmental, and national elections. Some of the orgaqnizations registered with the CNE are more appropriately considered electoral fronts, electoral alliances, or civic groups; for simplicity, they are all referred to here as "parties."

Bolivia has, for much of its recent post-democratization history, had a multiparty system. Until 2002, the party system was dominated by three to five medium-sized parties. Seats in the National Congress are (since 1997) elected in a mixed-member proportional electoral system. Before 2005, no presidential candidate won a simple majority, and coalition governments were the norm. Recently, the party system has become dominated by two electoral parties: MAS and PODEMOS.

Contents

Major parties

Only four parties won legislative seats in the 2005 general election: MAS, PODEMOS, MNR, and UN. A total of twenty parties won delegate seats in the 2006 constituent assembly election; some of those parties are only regional parties, running candidates in only one of the country's nine departments.

National parties

The following political parties have presence in all nine departments.

Regional parties

The following parties have presence in only one department.

Minor parties

The following parties did not elect delegates in the most recent 2006 constituent assembly election.

Parties that have lost legal status

The following parties lost their legal status after the 2006 constituent assembly election.

The following parties lost their legal status after the 2005 general election.

Ideological classification

Because of the country's strong populist legacy, Bolivian parties are often difficult to categorize by ideology. Likewise, many parties officially declare themselves as "nationalist" or national revolutionary parties, regardless of where they fit on a left-right spectrum. Nevertheless, parties can be classified into the following categories:

A final type are the personalist parties, which are both difficult to classify on any spectrum and quite common on Bolivian politics. A variety of political parties display a strong element of personalism, but the term is reserved for those that are almost purely personalist political vehicles.

See also

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