Aryezi

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'''Aryezi''' is the main language of [[Aryez]], spoken by most of the country's inhabitants. It is the sole surviving [[Aryezic Language]], spoken in four main dialects: [[Aryeji]] in northern and central Aryez, [[Aryesi]] is southern Aryez, [[Aryezizdari]] on the continent-island of [[Aryezizdar]], and [[Arzori]] in [[Arzor]]; Arzori is often considered a seperate language for political purposes. All four dialects are variants of Modern Aryezi, and language descended from Classical Aryezi or [[Aryeza]]. Modern Standard Aryezi is based on the Aryeji grammar and Aryesi vocabulary (both of which are closest to Aryeza in their respective cases). Aryezi is the sole official language of  Aryez and Aryezizdar and an official language in the Arnori states ([[Arnor]]), [[Arzor]], and has significant status in parts of [[Arzdar]], [[Loninya]], [[Mandoria]], and [[Chu]].  
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[[Aryezi]] refers to the '''Aryezi Language''', which is the main language of [[Aryez]]. Aryezi is spoken by over 99% of the population of Aryez. Aryez is a complex language with a long history. It is also a classical language- a language of literature, culture, and refinement.  
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The Aryezi language contains a rich body of literature and is known as a language of art, science, cultural, religion, and poetry. It was originally written in one of the [[Arnori]] scripts ([[Afrit]] or [[Arthad]]) before switching to the native [[Neyatetar]] which is derived from Afrit.
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'''THIS PAGE IS IN THE PROCESS OF A MAJOR EDIT'''
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The earliest attested stage of Aryezi, Old Aryezi was a highly inflected language full of grammatical complexities. It had 10 cases: 1) Nominative, 2) Accusative, 3) Dative (to), 4) Genitive (of), 5) Instrumental (with), 6) Ablative (from), 7) Locative/Tempral (at, by), 8) Lative (to, till), 9) Vocative ("O Lord"), and 10) Oblique (everything else, states of being). Furthermore, it had 5 "genders": male animate, female inanimate, neutral animate, inanimate physical objects, and non-physical objects. It had 5 numbers: zero, singular, dual, triple, and plural. Verbs had 8 moods: indicative, imperative/volitional (command, intention), energetic (emphasis), optative (wish, want), potential (to be able to), passive, conditional (if, would, should), subjunctive (may, might). It was also characterized by an extensive article system- indefinite, definite, partitive, and general.
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== Grammar ==
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Aryezi is the direct descendant of Classical Aryezi, or Aryeza. Aryeza was, and is, the formal and literary language of Aryez and surrounding countries, playing a role like that of Latin or Sanskrit in our world. Aryeza was significantly more simple than Old Aryezi, although it was still inflected. Unlike in Aryezi, it has prepositions and not postpositions It has 5 cases: 1) Nominative, 2) Accusative, 3) Dative, 4) Genitive, and 5) Oblique. All the previously existent Old Aryezi cases merged into the Oblique case except the Vocative which merged into the Dative. It had 3-4 genders: 1) Animate [which split into masculine and feminine only when referring to specifically male or female objects], 2) Inanimate Physical, and 3) Inanimate non-Physical. It has 3 numbers: 1) Zero, 2) Singular, and 3) Plural. It has 6 verbal moods having lost the Subjunctive and the Energetic. Verbs have two states: transitive and intransitive, and only 9 tenses: 1) Present, 2) Present Progressive, 3) Past, 4) Past Progressive/ Imperfect, 5) Future, 6) Future Progressive, 7) Present Perfect, 8) Past Perfect, and 9) Future Perfect. 
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=== Nouns ===
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Declination for -a nouns: a, i, o, u, e
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Aryezi nouns are declined into eight cases. Aryezi nouns can also take on five different numbers. Aryezi nouns lack gender or other classification aspects. Nouns utilize the copula "ra", which acts like a verb.
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Declination for -e nouns: e, a, o, u, i
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Declination for -vowel other than a/e nouns: vowel, -t, -k, -v, -r
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Declination for consonant ending nouns: consonant, -i, -o, -u, -e
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Genders: ë/j, i/l, ö/h, a/r
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==== Cases ====
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*Long vowels such as a, i, e, o, u contract to short vowels ä, ï, ë, ö, ü when something is suffixed to the word.
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== Basic Characteristics ==
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* Cases, except for the Nominative and Prepositional are usually dropped in casual spoken Aryezi.
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Aryezi is today written in the Neyatetar, more commonly know as just the Aryezi script. The Aryezi script is an alphabetical script of around fifty letters which represent all the distinct sounds found in Aryezi. The Aryezi script can either be written horizontally from left to right or vertically from left to right. Writing Aryezi vertically is more considered more professional and scholarly, while horizontal writing is more colloquial.
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Aryezi nouns decline into eight cases:
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In terms of word forms, almost all Aryezi words with the exception of pronouns, connecting words, and postpositions are either grouped as nouns or verbs. Adjectives and adverbs are derived from the nouns and verbs.  
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1.'''Nominative (subject)''': -a ending
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Aryezi verbs either end in /a/ or /z/ in the intransitive. If the same verb is transitive, it will end in /ai/ or /s/. -a verbs become nouns by changing their ending to /e/, adjectives /i/ and adverbs /o/. -z verbs change likewise by changing their endings to /c/, /r/, and /j/ respectively. Aryezi verbs change tense through a series of changes in vowel endings (for a verbs) or vowel additions (z verbs). Mood and voice are reflected through additions. The special verbs al and ar, to be, are of a class of their own.
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2.'''Accusative (direct object)''': -o ending
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Aryezi nouns may end in any vowel or consonant. If the word ends in a vowel, it can be converted to verb, adjective, and adverb respectively by adding /r/,/z/,and/v/. If it ends in a consonant, /a/, /i/, and /o/ are added. Ha denotes "ism." Pluralization is achieved by adding /n/ to vowel endings and /ai/ to consonant endings but there are two cases of exception. Nouns ending in /a/ instead end in /ai/ in plural cases while nouns ending in /e/ do not change in the plural.
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3.'''Dative (indirect object)''': -öi ending  
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Aryezi makes use of a series of prepositions to place words in relation to each other. As a result, case is defined by prepositions. Word order is flexible as a result, but generally word order is either Subject-Object-Verb (formal) or Subject-Verb-Object (less formal).
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4.'''Genitive (possessive)''': -u ending
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5.'''Instrumental''': -i ending
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*this is used in a variety of manners. It can describe by means of, and the abstract "in" (in pain, in English)
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== Brief History ==
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6.'''Locative''': -ai ending
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The origins of Aryezi are unknown as Aryezi has no surviving relatives anywhere else in the world. It is probable that the ancestors of the [[Aryezi People]] were somewhere from Arnor or a neighboring region. These proto-Aryezi were displaced and dissapeared from history when the more advanced ancestors of the [[Arnori]] moved in as they fled the expansion of the empire of [[Arzdar]]. Arnori seems to be distantly related to Aryezi.  
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*this is used for anything regarding location or movement, both spatial and temporal and is used for to, at, in, from, till, etc.
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It is likely that the early Aryezi were these displaced people who island hopped to the islands that would later become Aryez. Upon reaching the central islands, they spread north and south taking their language with them. Soon, kingdoms and cheifdoms began forming.In Aryez, the Aryezi ancestors encountered two groups of people. One was an indigenously group that was quickly absorbed into Aryezi, although some tribal languages survive in southern Aryez. The other was another migrating group, Kareili, migrating south from Mandoria (this group would be displaced in all of Mandoria itself except for the north by the Mandorians). Their language mixed with proto Aryezi to become the foundation of Aryezi.  
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7.'''Vocative''': -ao ending
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At this stage, the language was known was Old Aryezi. Old Aryezi came in contact with the more advanced civilization of Arnor and Arzdar, from which it borrowed writing (from Arnor), and large amounts of vocabulary and culture (mostly from Arzdar). At this stage, the Aryezi language became a classical language of culture upon the unification of Aryez and combined native Aryezi elements with Arzdari elements. Around the time of unification, borrowing from other languages stopped because Aryezi itself became a prominent language and was spread by conquest to new places. It also took root in parts of Arzor as that region was conquered by Aryez (especially Ardor). Aryeza was more of a practical, gruff language. As the Aryezi empire receeded, Aryeza evolved into Modern Aryezi, a language that was taken by settlers to Aryezizdar and spread by the new Ardori/Arzori empire throughout all of Arzor. Modern Aryezi is a more soft, poetic, and romantic language.
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8.'''Prepositional''': -e ending
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TO BE UPDATED
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*this is a very useful case. It can be used when connecting nouns to other nouns to create a supernoun, when indicating "and", when adding suffixes to nouns to change their meaning such as "-ism", when indicating a preposition like "if" or "with", the verb suffix or the adjective suffix.
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== Evolution from Aryeza ==
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==== Number ====
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Aryezi and Aryeza has many different unrelated words for the same idea (introducted later in Aryezi or derived from different roots), or Aryezi words have evolved in many ways from Aryeza. As a result, there are many different words in the two languages. Examples include (Aryezi/Aryeza): öi/ëa (universe), perz/arda (earth), ülül/eden (people), zeher/khör (lord), ceher/öre (heart,soul), ruya/örora (dawn), skai (dragon), star (ice), and khua (law).
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Aryezi nouns have five numbers.  
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== Phonology ==
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1.'''Singular''': all nouns are by default singular and no change is needed.
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=== Vowels ===
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2.'''Dual''': -l is suffixed to noun in all case endings.
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Modern Aryezi has 13 vowel sounds and 4 diphthongs (combination of vowel sounds), a grand total of 17 vowel sounds. These are (displayed in the Aryezi Roman Alphabet and IPA):
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3.'''Plural''': -n is suffixed to noun in all case endings.
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1. ä [@] >> "uh"
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4.'''Zero''': -r is suffixed to noun in all case endings.  
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2. a [a] >> "ah"
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5. '''Infinite''': -m is suffixed to noun in all case endings.  
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3. e [E] >> "eh"
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=== Adjectives ===
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4. ë [e] >> "ey"
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Adjectives are not declined by case, number, or gender and do not need to agree with the nouns they modify. Adjectives are modified in tense and positivity via the addition of the copula "la" which acts like a verb. However, adjectives have three forms:
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5. ï [I] >> "ih"
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1.'''Adjective''': -a ending
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6. i [i] >> "ee"
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*adjectives in this form modify nouns and describe things.  
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7. ö [O] >> "au"
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2.'''Adverb''': -u ending
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8. o [o] >> "oh"
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*all Aryezi adverbs are derived from adjectives (so ones based on nouns must by converted to adjectives first). Adverbs modify verbs.  
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9. ü [U] >> "uu"
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3. '''Connective''': -i ending
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10. u [u] >> "oo"
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*this is used when combining adjectives to make superadjectives, when combining an adjective with a
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noun to create a noun with a different shade of meaning, when indicating "and", when adding suffixes to adjectives to change their meaning, and when indicating the addition of a preposition like "if".
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11. î [M] >> "eu"
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=== Verbs ===
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12. û [y] >> "ui"
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All Aryezi verbs end in -a in the present, -u in the past and -ë in the future. Verbal moods are affixed to the standard neutral mood in the present tense (with the -a changing to -ä as long vowels become short vowels when suffixed), thereby becoming new verbs (with the exception of the connective). Consequently they change tense in their respective moods. Moods can be built on to each other was well.  
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13. ê [3] >> "ae"
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Verbs have eight moods:
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14. ai [ai] >> "ai"
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1.'''Conditional (if)''':-pa ending 
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15. ëi [ei] >> "ei"
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2.'''Imperative (command)''':- ta ending
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16. öi [Oi] >> "oi"
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3.'''Potential (to be able)''':-ka ending
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17. ao [ao] >> "ou"
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4.'''Subjunctive (should, may)''':-ga ending
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=== Consonants ===
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5.'''Energetic''':-da ending
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6.'''Optative (want)''':-za ending
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TO BE UPDATED. SORRY FOR THE LACK OF INFORMATION.
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7.'''Causative''':-ba ending
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8.'''Connective''':-ca ending (sha)
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*has a variety of purposes. It can indicate "and", and is used when verb is suffixed to change its meaning by adding shades of meaning, conversion to a noun, and the aspects of passivity, progression, and perfection. Unlike the other moods, the connective cannot change tense as tense is determined by the tense of what it is connected to.
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*'''Negation''': verbs are negated by adding -na to their basic forms in any tense
== Script ==
== Script ==
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Aryezi is most commonly written in its own script, the Aryezi Script (see [[Aryezi Scripts]]).
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Aryezi uses its own script, a phonetic alphabet known as the Aryezi Script.
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== Grammar ==
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'''The Aryezi Script will be scanned and uploaded soon'''
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== Vocabulary ==
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== History ==
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== Geography, Dialects ==
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TO BE UPDATED. SORRY FOR THE LACK OF INFORMATION.
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== Usage and Literature ==
[[Category: Culture]]
[[Category: Culture]]

Current revision as of 22:39, 28 April 2009

Aryezi refers to the Aryezi Language, which is the main language of Aryez. Aryezi is spoken by over 99% of the population of Aryez. Aryez is a complex language with a long history. It is also a classical language- a language of literature, culture, and refinement.

THIS PAGE IS IN THE PROCESS OF A MAJOR EDIT

Contents

Grammar

Nouns

Aryezi nouns are declined into eight cases. Aryezi nouns can also take on five different numbers. Aryezi nouns lack gender or other classification aspects. Nouns utilize the copula "ra", which acts like a verb.

Cases

  • Long vowels such as a, i, e, o, u contract to short vowels ä, ï, ë, ö, ü when something is suffixed to the word.
  • Cases, except for the Nominative and Prepositional are usually dropped in casual spoken Aryezi.

Aryezi nouns decline into eight cases:

1.Nominative (subject): -a ending

2.Accusative (direct object): -o ending

3.Dative (indirect object): -öi ending

4.Genitive (possessive): -u ending

5.Instrumental: -i ending

  • this is used in a variety of manners. It can describe by means of, and the abstract "in" (in pain, in English)

6.Locative: -ai ending

  • this is used for anything regarding location or movement, both spatial and temporal and is used for to, at, in, from, till, etc.

7.Vocative: -ao ending

8.Prepositional: -e ending

  • this is a very useful case. It can be used when connecting nouns to other nouns to create a supernoun, when indicating "and", when adding suffixes to nouns to change their meaning such as "-ism", when indicating a preposition like "if" or "with", the verb suffix or the adjective suffix.

Number

Aryezi nouns have five numbers.

1.Singular: all nouns are by default singular and no change is needed.

2.Dual: -l is suffixed to noun in all case endings.

3.Plural: -n is suffixed to noun in all case endings.

4.Zero: -r is suffixed to noun in all case endings.

5. Infinite: -m is suffixed to noun in all case endings.

Adjectives

Adjectives are not declined by case, number, or gender and do not need to agree with the nouns they modify. Adjectives are modified in tense and positivity via the addition of the copula "la" which acts like a verb. However, adjectives have three forms:

1.Adjective: -a ending

  • adjectives in this form modify nouns and describe things.

2.Adverb: -u ending

  • all Aryezi adverbs are derived from adjectives (so ones based on nouns must by converted to adjectives first). Adverbs modify verbs.

3. Connective: -i ending

  • this is used when combining adjectives to make superadjectives, when combining an adjective with a

noun to create a noun with a different shade of meaning, when indicating "and", when adding suffixes to adjectives to change their meaning, and when indicating the addition of a preposition like "if".

Verbs

All Aryezi verbs end in -a in the present, -u in the past and -ë in the future. Verbal moods are affixed to the standard neutral mood in the present tense (with the -a changing to -ä as long vowels become short vowels when suffixed), thereby becoming new verbs (with the exception of the connective). Consequently they change tense in their respective moods. Moods can be built on to each other was well.

Verbs have eight moods:

1.Conditional (if):-pa ending

2.Imperative (command):- ta ending

3.Potential (to be able):-ka ending

4.Subjunctive (should, may):-ga ending

5.Energetic:-da ending

6.Optative (want):-za ending

7.Causative:-ba ending

8.Connective:-ca ending (sha)

  • has a variety of purposes. It can indicate "and", and is used when verb is suffixed to change its meaning by adding shades of meaning, conversion to a noun, and the aspects of passivity, progression, and perfection. Unlike the other moods, the connective cannot change tense as tense is determined by the tense of what it is connected to.


  • Negation: verbs are negated by adding -na to their basic forms in any tense

Script

Aryezi uses its own script, a phonetic alphabet known as the Aryezi Script.

The Aryezi Script will be scanned and uploaded soon

Vocabulary

History

Geography, Dialects

Usage and Literature

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