Autonomic nervous system flashcards
From Iusmphysiology
three divisions of the autonomic nervous system; sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
ANS focuses innervation on these three classes of structures; smooth muscle, heart, glands
four structures that get sympathetic innervation but no parasympathetic; blood vessels, glands, adrenal medulla, errector pili
sympathetic division also known as...; thoracolumbar division
sympathetic nerve cell bodies located where in the spinal cord; lateral horns
presynaptic axons of sympathetic nerves run from where to where; cell bodies in lateral horn to sympathetic ganglia
this sympathetic ganglia innervates the head; superior cervical ganglia
this sympathetic ganglia innervates the heart and lungs; middle cervical ganglia
at what levels in the spinal cord to sympathetic cell bodies lie?; T1-L3
why is the white ramus called white? and the grey?; because it has myelinated fibers passing through it. the grey has unmyelinated passing through it
what are the two types of sympathetic fiber? are they myelinated or not?; B type and C type. B type is myelinated, C type is unmyelinated.
by which ramus do post-synaptic sympathetic fibers leave the sympathetic chain? what do they join?; grey, the spinal nerves
what is the name of the ganglia that is very near the midline but is not the sympathetic chain? give three examples; paravertebral ganglia. aortic ganglia, celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia
on how many different ganglia do most sympathetics synapse?; up to 200
these structures generally carry post-synaptic sympathetics; blood vessels
which area of the adrenal gland produces fight or flight chemicals?; medulla
which area of the adrenal gland produces sex and metabolism hormones?; cortex
nervous path of fight or flight response from spinal cord (levels, nerves, fiber type, target organ / cell); t10-l1, splanchnic nerves, c-type fibers (unmyelinated), adrenal medulla / chromaffin cells
mechanism of sympathetic innervation at adrenal medulla; activates chromatin cells at neuronal region of adrenal medulla via ach and achR
which sympathetic nerves innervate the adrenal medulla? from which levels do they arise?; splanchnics from T10-L1
sympathetic innervation at medulla adrenal medulla uses which neurotransmitter?; acetylcholine
which cells of the adrenal medulla receive sympathetic innervation?; chromain cells
Name the three types of NT vesicles and which has the NT for sympathetic response from adrenal medulla; clear, dense, large dense. acetylcholine is released via dense vesicles
the parasympathetic division is also called; the craniosacral division
from what spinal levels does the parasympathetic division originate?; S2-S4 and the brain
parasympathetic: length of pre and post; long pre, short post
name the 5 parasympathetic ganglia and their respective cranial nerves; ciliary (3), pterygopalatine (7), submandibular (7), otic (9), terminal ganglia of the thoracic viscera (10)
name the four cranial nerves that supply parasympathetic ganglia; 3, 7, 9, and 10
name the five parasympathetic ganglia; ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibularotic, otic, terminal ganglia of the thoracic viscera
What are the neurotransmitter receptors of (most) sympathetic and parasympathetic effector cells?; adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors
What NTs are used at each synapse in parasympathetic innervation?; acetylcholine at the ganglia and acetycholine at the effector cell
What NT receptors are expressed at each synapse in parasympathetic innervation?; nicotinic receptor (ach) at the ganglia and muscarinic receptor (ach) at the effector cells
Name a g-protein coupled receptor of the parasympathetic nervous system.; muscarinic receptor
What are the two classes of adrenergic receptors?; alpha and beta
Epinephrine binds to what receptor in what division at what point in the arc?; beta-adrenergic receptor in the sympathetic division at the effector cell
What receptor and NT is used at the ganglionic synapse of the sympathetic nervous system?; acetylcholine and the nicotinic receptor
What are the two types of smooth muscle and their difference?; multiunit muscles have multiple nerve-muscle jxns where separate muscle cells get separate nervous signals whereas single unit muscles synapse once with the nerve and pass the AP via gap jxns
