Indonesia

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	DBhLag Appreciate you sharing, great blog.Thanks Again. Really Cool.		DBhLag Appreciate you sharing, great blog.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
-	==Government==	+	1ueWyH This is one awesome article.Really thank you! Great.
-	Indonesia is ruled ruled under the Constitution of the People's Republic of Indonesia. Its incumbent President is Ishak Makarim and its premier is Halim Pangestu.The country is run by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), which is guaranteed power by the Constitution. There are other political parties in Indonesia, referred to in Indonesia as "democratic parties", which participate in the People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress. There have been some moves toward political liberalization, in that open contested elections are now held at the village and town levels, and that legislatures have shown some assertiveness from time to time. However, the Party retains effective control over governmental appointments: in the absence of meaningful opposition, the KPI wins by default most of the time.	+
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-	The highest representative body at national level is the National People's Congress (Kongres Rakyat Nasional, KRN). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating the president, and formalizing broad outlines of state policy. It has the power to impeach the president. The KRN comprises two houses; the People's Representative Council (DPR), with 500 members, and the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), with 36 members (one from each Region). The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch; party-aligned members are elected for five-year terms by proportional representation. Reforms since 1998 have markedly increased the DPR's role in national governance. The DPD is a new chamber for matters of regional management.	+
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-	Although the membership of the KRN is still largely determined by the Communist Party of Indonesia, since the early 1990s it has moved away from its previous role as a symbolic but powerless rubber-stamp legislature, and has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party and the government. For the KRN to formally defeat a proposal put before them is a rare, but not non-existent event, and the KRN has been quite active in being the forum in which legislation is debated before being put to a vote.	+
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-	Most civil disputes appear before a State Court; appeals are heard before the High Court. The Supreme Court is the country's highest court, and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles bankruptcy and insolvency; a State Administrative Court to hear administrative law cases against the government; a Constitutional Court to hear disputes concerning legality of law, general elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions; and a Religious Court to deal with specific religious cases.	+
	==Foreign Relations and Military==		==Foreign Relations and Military==

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Revision as of 12:45, 9 July 2012

Republik Rakyat Indonesia People's Republic of Indonesia
Flag	Coat of arms
Motto "Para Pekerja di Seluruh Dunia, Bersatulah!" (Indonesian) "Workers of the World, Unite!"
Anthem Internasionale
Capital (and largest city)	Jakarta 6°10.5′S, 106°49.7′E
Official languages	Indonesian
Independence  - Declared  - Recognized	August 17, 1945 December 27, 1949
Government  - President  - Premier  - Governing party	Unitary socialist republic Ishak Makarim Halim Pangestu Partai Komunis Indonesia (Communist Party of Indonesia)
Area  - Total  - Water (%)	2,271,166 km² 870,949 sq mi 0.42
Population  - July 2007 estimate  - Density	265,527,840 116.91 /km² 304.87 /sq mi
GDP (PPP)  - Total  - Per capita	2007 estimate $3.73 trillion $14,061
Gini (2002)	31.4 (medium)
HDI (2007)	0.812 (high)
Currency	Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Time zone	various (UTC +7 to +9)
Internet TLD	.id
Calling code	+62

The People's Republic of Indonesia (IPA: /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziːə/, /ˌɪndəˈniːziːə/) (Indonesian: Republik Rakyat Indonesia) is a nation in Southeast Asia. In addition to comprising the world's largest archipelago, it is also one of the world's most populous countries, boasting a population of over 265 million. It is one of the most diverse countries in the world, both culturally and geologically, home to a variety of languages, ethnic groups, and cultures; the diversity of its people is matched by a similarly high level of biodiversity (Indonesia is, in fact, considered a megadiverse country). The country is richly endowed with natural resources, and the standard of living is fairly high.

Nevertheless, due to the government's leftist orientation, relations remain periodically troubled with neighboring states, in particular the Philippines and the Australasian Union. While its internal and external politics are tempered by pragmatism and realism, the government nevertheless remains committed to the cause of socialism. President Ishak Makarim is the current head of state and head of government, and the Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia, or PKI) is the governing party.

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Foreign Relations and Military

As a socialist nation, Indonesia has traditionally had strong ties with other socialist nations, including the People's Republic of China, the USSR, and Vietnam. However, as the amount of socialist nations around the world has diminished, and as the nation was never as devotedly socialist as the Stalinists and Maoists, Indonesia also has good relations with other nations in the world, most notably the Republic of Italy (as companies from Italy have the largest share of foreign investment in the nation). Indonesia also sends development aid and humanitarian support to developing countries in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, where Indonesian aid has helped increase bi-lateral trade and increased the reputation of the nation worldwide

However, even though Indonesia is only moderately socialist, it has poor relations with many Industrialized nations, including Germany, Australasia, and France, as well as with neighboring non-socialist neighbors, such as the Philippines. Many of these nations gave aid to the anti-communist forces during the Revolution, and have worked to oppose it gaining influence. Over the past few decades, animosity towards Indonesia has declined in some states; however, tensions run high on the island of New Guinea even to this day, with Indonesia supporting Socialist/Nationalist groups in German New Guinea and Australasian Papua, and with those nations likewise supporting anti-socialist/anti-Indonesian groups in Indonesian Papua.

Indonesia's 2,000,000-member armed forces (TPRI) include the Army (TPRI-AD), Navy (TPRI-AL, which includes marines), and Air Force (TPRI-AU). The army has about 500,000 active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget was 5% of GDP in 2006, and is controversially supplemented by revenue from military commercial interests and foundations. Separatist movements in the province of Papua has led to a sporadic thirty year guerrilla war between the Free Papua Movement (OPM) and the Indonesian military, with claims of German and Australasian support of the GAM, and Indonesia support for anti-colonial groups in German New Guinea and Australasian Papua.

Administrative divisions

Administratively, Indonesia consists of 36 provinces, one of which has special status. Each province has its own political legislature and governor. The provinces are subdivided into regencies (kabupaten) and (kota), which are further subdivided into subdistricts (kecamatan), and again into village groupings (either desa or kelurahan). Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in 2001, the regencies and cities have become the key administrative units, responsible for providing most government services. The village administration level is the most influential on a citizen's daily life, and handles matters of a village or neighborhood through an elected lurah or kepala desa (village chief). Jakarta is the country's special capital region.

Indonesian provinces and their capitals

(Indonesian name in brackets where different from English)
† indicates special capital region

Sumatra and Malaya

• Aceh (Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam) - Banda Aceh
• North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) - Medan
• West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat) - Padang
• Riau - Pekanbaru
• Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau) - Tanjung Pinang
• Jambi - Jambi (city)
• South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) - Palembang
• Bangka-Belitung (Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung) - Pangkal Pinang
• Bengkulu - Bengkulu (city)
• Lampung - Bandar Lampung
• Malaya - Kuala Lumpur

Java

• Jakarta^† - Jakarta
• Banten - Serang
• West Java (Jawa Barat) - Bandung
• Central Java (Jawa Tengah) - Semarang
• Yogyakarta - Yogyakarta (city)
• East Java (Jawa Timur) - Surabaya

Lesser Sunda Islands

• Bali - Denpasar
• West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat) - Mataram
• East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur) - Kupang
• Timor - Dili

Kalimantan

• West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat) - Pontianak
• Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) - Palangkaraya
• South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan) - Banjarmasin
• East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) - Samarinda
• North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara) - Kuching

Sulawesi

• North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) - Manado
• Gorontalo - Gorontalo (city)
• Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) - Palu
• West Sulawesi (Sulawesi Barat) - Mamuju
• South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) - Makassar
• South East Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara) - Kendari

Maluku islands

• Maluku - Ambon
• North Maluku (Maluku Utara) - Ternate

Papua

• West Papua (Papua Barat) - Manokwari
• Papua - Jayapura