Factors of Offence (Theravada)

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Many rules have specific '''factors of offence''', which are enumerated in the [[Vibhanga]]. Five commonly found factors are:
Many rules have specific '''factors of offence''', which are enumerated in the [[Vibhanga]]. Five commonly found factors are:
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For some rules the Vibhanga enumerates all these factors as needing to be present for there to be an offence. For other rules it mentions only a few of these factors as being relevant, while for many less 'heavy' rules like [[pacittiya]]s and [[sekhiya]]s the Vibhanga does not mention specific factors. In this last case, the factors are frequently extrapolated from the actual rule in the [[commentaries]].
For some rules the Vibhanga enumerates all these factors as needing to be present for there to be an offence. For other rules it mentions only a few of these factors as being relevant, while for many less 'heavy' rules like [[pacittiya]]s and [[sekhiya]]s the Vibhanga does not mention specific factors. In this last case, the factors are frequently extrapolated from the actual rule in the [[commentaries]].
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==Derived Offences==
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The factors that are listed in the Vibhanga concerning a particular rule, must all be fulfilled in order to commit the full offense.  If these factors are only partially fulfulled, there might be a [[derived offence]], for example a [[thullacaya]] or a [[dukkata]].
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When the factors are listed, all the listed factors must be fulfilled in order to commit the full offense. If only a few of the factors are fulfilled, there might be a [[derived offence]], for example a [[thullacaya]] or a [[dukkata]].
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In almost all cases (all cases??) once the factors have been completed for the full offence the previous derived offences are nullified.  Likewise, once a thullaccaya derived offence has been committed, any previous dukkata offences are removed.
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Examples concerning derived offences can be found in many of the more heavy rules. The derived offences are incurred when a specifically mentioned factor is absent, while the other factors are present. The penalty for derived offences is generally a thullacaya or dukkata.
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==See also==
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* [[Derived Offence]]
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The absence of derived offences for many of less heavy offences might explain why the Vibhanga does not specify the specific factors for many of the less heavy offences.
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==Additional Factors and Derived Offences==
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Some rules contain factors which are different from the five factors mentioned above; in this case these factors affect the seriousness of the offence.
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Examples concerning additional factors and derived offences can be found in Parajika 2 and Sanghadisesa 5. Parajika 2 uses the additional factor of the ''value of the object''. When the value of the stolen object is not high enough, there is a derived offence of either a thullacaya or a dukkata.
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For Sanghadisesa 5 the additional factors are ''accepting'' (the request of one party to convey a proposal), ''inquiring'' (with the second party and learning the response), and ''reporting'' (the answer back to the first party). All these factors refer to the factor of effort. If one undertakes all three roles one commits a sanghadisesa. If one undertakes any two of these roles one commits a thullacaya; undertaking any one role of these roles one commits dukkata.
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[[category:patimokkha]]
[[category:patimokkha]]

Current revision as of 23:22, 23 July 2006

Many rules have specific factors of offence, which are enumerated in the Vibhanga. Five commonly found factors are:

For some rules the Vibhanga enumerates all these factors as needing to be present for there to be an offence. For other rules it mentions only a few of these factors as being relevant, while for many less 'heavy' rules like pacittiyas and sekhiyas the Vibhanga does not mention specific factors. In this last case, the factors are frequently extrapolated from the actual rule in the commentaries.

The factors that are listed in the Vibhanga concerning a particular rule, must all be fulfilled in order to commit the full offense. If these factors are only partially fulfulled, there might be a derived offence, for example a thullacaya or a dukkata.

In almost all cases (all cases??) once the factors have been completed for the full offence the previous derived offences are nullified. Likewise, once a thullaccaya derived offence has been committed, any previous dukkata offences are removed.

See also

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