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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and what is now known as the World Bank, were set up to manage the post-World War II global economy.

They were conceived in 1944 at a conference in Bretton Woods, in the US state of New Hampshire.

By fostering economic cooperation and helping countries with balance of payments problems the founders hoped to avoid a repeat of the 1930s Great Depression.

The IMF aims to preserve economic stability and to tackle - or ideally prevent - financial crises. Over time, its focus has switched to the developing world.

The World Bank's predecessor - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - was set up to drive post-war recovery.

Now, it is the world's leading development organisation, working for growth and poverty reduction.

Owned by the governments of its 187 member states, the Bank channels loans and grants and advises low and middle-income countries.

The IMF is funded by a charge - known as a "quota" - paid by member nations. The quota is based on a country's wealth and it determines voting power within the organisation; those making higher contributions have greater voting rights.

The IMF acts as a lender of last resort, disbursing its foreign exchange reserves for short periods to any member in difficulties.

Since they were conceived, the IMF has been run by a European and the World Bank by a US national.

The IMF and the Bank have served as a rallying point for disparate causes - from environmentalists to anarchists - and meetings have occasionally been accompanied by violent street protests.

Protesters and critics cite the exploitation of the poor and the environment and argue that freer trade threatens the livelihoods of millions of people.

The IMF has admitted that forcing developing countries to open their markets to foreign investors can increase the risk of financial crises.

Its former managing director Horst Koehler said in 2002 that the benefits of globalisation had not been equally shared. But he added that "the objective should not be less globalisation but more and better globalisation."

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  Brand Gong and Drum Art Society put up a pageantry to fire a brand Gong and Drum Art Society put up a pageantry prosperous let folk art alive brand Gong and drum is a valuable intangible cultural heritage ,inheritance ,data ,performance ,activity area ,the audience, is alive.
  The art of .The Ministry of culture and art -- Qu Runhai of former director of bureau of such drums have unique artistic features ,verve ,excite people ,timbre ,rhythm is very rare ,there is a strong symphonic thinking ,have never even heard of it .
  -- the famous composer Wang Xilin brand Gong and drum expression ,sound mix ,artistic effect very surprising .Out of their performance to match the rhythms ,tones on very natural ,cohesion is very compact, no traces of these passages ,abercrombie france,in books can .
  -- Central Conservatory of Music professor Yao Henglu doctoral tutor brand Gong and drum out of the ordinary ,lies in the repertoire of folk and cultural background ,this is brand Gong and drum art foundation ,it is necessary to protect .
  -- China Academy of Arts Opera Institute researcher Bao Cheng November 6th,louboutin, Shanxi Reserve Materials Management Bureau 152 brand Gong and drum arts agency was invited into the Central Conservatory of Music ,majestic atmosphere of town of drum opened the concert of the curtain, and at the same time ,also pulled open world music week and the second Central African music dialogue curtain .
  Brand Gong and drum vast ,characterized by lively ,funny, with both square and rough, and stage performing delicate and humanistic color ,has the very strong story and watch .The Beijing to perform ,they bring great cycles and Mu Guiying broken fontanel ,and go west blowing fine ,small cymbals stunt knife chop vegetables Shanxi noodle little buddy mandarin duck end plate and special effects .
  Nearly seventy years Xing Mingxuan in command ,he holds the green whip of command flying up and down, unique body command language ,and a very touching music ,so that all Chinese and foreign experts and scholars to marvel at .
  Brand Gong and drum in the Northern Wei Dynasty a percussion music in Yungang Grottoes in the caves ,sixteenth ,has been found to characterize brand Gong and drum rudiments .After experiencing the artist polishing processing ,has formed a set of complete ,timbre ,rhythm programming rare with full Symphony thinking ,rich and colorful cultural repertoire ,high content of polyphonic percussion art .
  But because of years of scattered in folk ,no professional articles ,all the essence of all concentrated in one person .This person is Xing Mingxuan -- the only inheritor brand Gong and drum .
  Brand Gong and drum inheritance Xing Mingxuan said: to learn drums first of life ,abercrombie,the kernel ,natural drum had . Xing Mingxuan apprenticed ,legendary .The spring of 1959 ,more than 20 years of Xing Mingxuan to go to Yungang Grottoes ,I saw a man and a woman holding a small cymbals performing ,hit music .
  He stayed ,long stop ,louboutin pas cher,reveling in the colorful music, seems to feel the heart and the heart in exchange .Via asking ,Xing Mingxuan learns that the old man called Min Ruosheng ,115 years old .
  Her name is Min Xiaoxian ,fifty .They are mentoring ,want every year to the Yungang ,understand their ancestors left behind a grotto art .At the same time ,he also learns that the old man lived in a cave near a cottage .
  However ,when Xing Mingxuan be in the best of spirits for past tense ,the closed door ,how to knock, inside is not answered .So ,from that day on ,the light of day Xing Mingxuan came to the old man house waiting ,moncler,until the sun set .
  The very next day ,third day or so .God touched ,abercrombie france,shed tears ,rain .Fourth doors open ,Xing Mingxuan became a close disciple of Min Ruosheng .Xing of call Min Ruosheng a master craftsman ,called Min Xiaoxian the master .
  Master  : this set of drums can be amazing . Brand Gong and drum of the communication method is very special , passed virtuous do not pass pro .Min said  : people have moral ,from art should have morality ,wicked person inevitable cannot become climate .
  The first half of the month ,min to Mr. Xing Mingxuan is talking about art ring 20 poison ,namely  :lust and hatred, ignorance ,Minden ,doubt ,kill ,steal ,kinky ,false ,cheat ,steal ,drunk ,jealousy ,to borrow an ,,,,,the idler ,bet / tender .
  Teaching at night ,is the northern Shanxi ensemble Sanxian performer Xing Mingxuan ,as long as they don go to the countryside to perform ,regardless of the weather ,must arrive at the master room .
  Shouyi ,Min has a strange rules: only the heart ,no written records . Dementia is of coagulation ,the author will love ,art Chizhe technology will yield .Each set of tracks ,the two masters to exercise only once, don repeat .
  The two masters cooperate tacit understanding ,he appreciate sb. .Two years time ,144 percussion music firmly engraved in Xing Mingxuan .Xing Mingxuan said ,louboutin pas cher, once you enter the state, you will forget everything .
  From morning to night ,doudoune moncler,only one meal a day ,do not sleep too tired ,getting spirit . The famous composer Wang Xilin on Xing Mingxuan can have a very high opinion ,he said  : Xing Mingxuan music rhythm is clear and accurate is rare .
  In accordance with the Min arrangement after the age of 50 ,Xing Mingxuan began drumming ,formal notation ,collect an apprentice . Pick up the whip of command ,all over the world .
  More than 20 years his footprints all over the school ,barracks ,factories and mines . Only the national Tibet not to go, who has more than 2000 people . He said .However ,due to various reasons ,can really keep on carving exercises are very few .
  Over the years he has been trying to set up his own band ,but lack of funds ,has not been able to achieve .One year abroad ,a Canadian Chinese efforts to keep him ,to his investment in the formation of the band .
  But he brand Gong and drum .He said  : inheritance ,collation, preservation ,performances only on this earth . One of the online users  :I am Xing Mingxuan teacher thousands of disciples in a, because many things stumble can not continue with the teacher school  !When I think of this matter from the bottom of my heart I will feel sorry for yourself  !Teacher art teacher too profound to be understood ,the art of DS is admirable ,the teacher said  : drum first of life ,the kernel ,natural drum had .
  To this, our life benefit! Exclamation behind is a sincere call ,an appeal to save the percussion in the symphony  !Because of the artists due to art does not pass spectrum , oral teaching that inspires true understanding within the intangible heritage ,so the brand Gong and drum can be transmitted without music ,more than 500 song all over Xing Mingxuan ,no any written records .
  Although after the age of 50, he has recorded ,but went ten years ,with little success .Xing Mingxuan was hitherto unknown worries ,fears ,grow with each passing day .Then he thought of a person, and made a special trip to visit .
  The opera music expert Zhang Linyu said  : brand Gong and drum ,a deep cultural ,technical fine art beautiful ,in the world . This person is Zhang Linyu -- Shanxi opera music expert .In this way, Zhang Linyu and brand Gong and drum forges the indissoluble bound ,and to interpret Xing Mingxuan day class .
  He coal mine to mine ,he went to the countryside I to the countryside ,he went to the school I went to school ,he walked up to where I go . They eat together ,watch the sunrise together ,watching the sunset together .
  Spare no effort ,no gain or loss ,Zhang Linyu regrets ,he wants is to rescue ,sac longchamp pas cher,inheritance .After all, Xing Mingxuan has more than 70 years old .Chinese folk percussion notation is not easy, brand Gong and drum is the result of multiple voices ,jordan pas cher,and with a small cymbals as the center ,and more difficult to play ,notation .
  Xing Mingxuan on the desk a piece on Zhang Linyu ,a word for word to remember ,Pip ,quietly flowing melody in writing .For 10 years, they never spent many sleepless nights, the 230 words brand Gong and drum music was written on October this year ,literature and Art Publishing house .
  The book history of , art , of more than 100 piece ,the brand Gong and drum that may be lost still come clean ,light score of eight ,with more than 1800 pages of paper writing ,recording 140 pieces of various brass drum solo .
  Its conclusion apropos ,very practical ,Xing Mingxuan said  : I think this notation than in the five line glazing recorded rhythmic notation has strong operability ,can be used as a brand Gong and drum textbook .
  It can dispense with his years of that brand Gong and drum lost a bugbear ,louboutin,Zhang Linyu kindness knows no bounds . He too loves art ,too hard  !Rain forest is the offbeat ,Shanxi culture and the arts the wolf  ! the famous painter Freya Lim said so .
  It is understood ,just a few years time ,abercrombie,Zhang Linyu wrote the book about 9000000 words ,including Jin Kun test from collecting data to Shuhua 6 years of time , Shanxi drama history used 5 years of time , brand Gong and drum interludes ,spent 10 years .
  These people be struck dumb achievements ,Zhang Linyu blood ,sweat and unrequited love for arts .Shanxi reserve materials management bureau director Xu Yihang said  : to eat is the grain of Shanxi ,should be for the people of Shanxi .
  Brand Gong and drum rediscovered ,no doubt is the art of the miracle .Xing Mingxuan ,Zhang Linyu, they were not so easily ,both to keep the money, but also to find people ,looking for a place .
  They tried a variety of ways ,to the troops ,to the countryside ,to the coal mine ,in the country with more than 40 units conducted training ,is to have qualified successors .And dozens of times will brand Gong and drum up domestic and international stage ,in order to make more people know Shanxi has a Yungang drums ,who read or heard about people admit that China the first world percussion drum ,the best in all the land in Shanxi .
  Often speak of these ,Zhang Linyu is very touching, very emotional .When people have to respect gaze to the vicissitudes of life slightly small old man ,but he smiled Han Han , I will be the culture related to a country ,a nation of vital importance to motivate ourselves ,continue and Mr.
  Xing Mingxuan worked hard ,protect ,inherit brand Gong and drum . Then changed the subject, he would say  : Shanxi reserve materials management bureau made prior to propitiate the ancestors ,to benefit future generations the great cause,, should thank them .
  Shanxi real drums ,a book collecting is not much .Xing Mingxuan ,Zhang Linyu,abercrombie, they done so much work, if we can add power ,mining ,lifting ,make the good form of art heritage ,abercrombie france,is not only the contribution to Shanxi ,also a contribution to the country .
  Xu Yihang says .To rescue ,mining ,protection ,development, economy is a foundation ,but is in need of more decision-making person .About two years later, Shanxi Reserve Materials Management Bureau decided ,in August 1st this year, the 152 established brand Gong and drum Arts agency .
  From a financial arrangement ,personnel allocation,air jordan, giving the team to support, as soon as possible to protect the existing skills and training high level skill character inheritance .Thus ,Shanxi reserve materials reserve management has a very valuable intangible cultural heritage ,and it did not hesitate to come to Beijing .
  Chinese traditional music culture scholar Jing Yugang said  : we are sad to see ,in Shanxi there are a lot of things have been lost, including the now textbooks often referred to Shanxi eight sets of .
  If that time is like a Shanxi reserve of such units ,can provide a caring ,louboutin,love ,jordan,support ,the Shanxi eight sets of now we will hear . Brand Gong and drum in the capital Beijing to perform ,audience response is very good, in Beijing media coverage .
  Chinese culture with a full-page newspaper published brand Gong and drum Workshop on speech summary, titled brand Gong and drum in the protection ,inheritance and development .At the same time ,Comrade Song specifically for concert recording ,video ,CD-ROM by Chinese musicians audio-visual publishing house .
  Reportedly ,CCTV will also soon broadcast party live .Even so ,abercrombie and fitch,as Qu Runhai said  : brand Gong and drum in Beijing to participate in the world music week ,is not the final purpose .It still is folk art ,rescue ,protection ,inheritance is that it is still the primary task .
  He stressed that ,air jordan pas cher, to protect protect original ,no exaggeration ,not adulterated, do not attach oneself to persons in power ,do not make only superficial changes ,not to be injured in the sinews or bones .
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  Another couple, who seemed to have only minor issues, left their third (and final) session grateful, holding hands, reassuring each other of their mutual respect and love. The next I heard, only a few months later, one of them was living with a new partner. Like many of their friends, I murmured to myself, They seemed so good together.