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| - | '''聲母'''是使用在[[韵母]]前面的[[辅音]]，跟[[韵母]]一齊構成一個完整的[[音節]]。 | + | '''聲母'''是使用在[[韵母]]前面的[[辅音]]，跟[[韵母]]一齊構成一個完整的[[音節]]。[[中古汉语]]的声母请参考[[三十六字母]]。 |
| - | | + | |
| - | ==漢語普通話中的聲母==
| + | |
| - | 漢語[[普通话]]中声母有21个，包括：
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <td rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#666666"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[塞音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[塞擦音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[擦音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[鼻音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[边音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#808080">清音</th>
| + | |
| - | <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#808080">清音</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">清音</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">浊音</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">浊音</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">浊音</th>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">不送气</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">送气</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">不送气</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">送气</th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080"> </th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080"> </th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080"> </th>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080"> </th>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[双唇音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">b [p]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">p [p']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">m [m]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[唇齿音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">f [f]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[舌尖中音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">d [t]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">t [t']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">n [n]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">l [l]</td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[舌尖音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">z [ts]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">c [ts']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">s [s]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[舌尖后音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">zh [tʂ]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">ch [tʂ']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">sh [sʂ]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">r [ʐ]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[舌面音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">j [tç]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">q [tç']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">x [ç]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | <tr>
| + | |
| - | <th align="center" bgcolor="#808080">[[舌根音]]</th>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">g [k]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">k [k']</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center">h [x]</td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | <td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td>
| + | |
| - | </tr>
| + | |
| - | </table>
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | 此外，普通话里还有一些[[音节]]开头不是辅音而是[[元音]]，如“案”（an），这种没有声母的称之为'''零声母'''。
| + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | [[中古汉语]]的声母和普通话有所不同，参考[[三十六字母]]。 | + | |
| | | | |
| | ==参看== | | ==参看== |
