声母

From Phonology

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Revision as of 21:39, 5 June 2005

聲母是使用在韵母前面的辅音，跟韵母一齊構成一個完整的音節。

漢語普通話中的聲母

漢語普通话中声母有21个，包括：

	塞音		塞擦音		擦音		鼻音	边音
	清音		清音		清音	浊音	浊音	浊音
	不送气	送气	不送气	送气
双唇音	b [p]	p [p']					m [m]
唇齿音					f [f]
舌尖中音	d [t]	t [t']					n [n]	l [l]
舌尖音			z [ts]	c [ts']	s [s]
舌尖后音			zh [tʂ]	ch [tʂ']	sh [sʂ]	r [ʐ]
舌面音			j [tç]	q [tç']	x [ç]
舌根音	g [k]	k [k']			h [x]

此外，普通话里还有一些音节开头不是辅音而是元音，如“案”（an），这种没有声母的称之为零声母。

中古汉语的声母和普通话有所不同，参考三十六字母。

参看

• 韵母en:Syllable onset

ja:声母