三十六字母

From Phonology

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|心<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[s]</span><br>s||&nbsp;||邪<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[z]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|心<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[s]</span><br>s||&nbsp;||邪<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[z]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|-
-
|rowspan=2|[[龈颚音|龈颚]][[擦音]]||rowspan=2|正齿音||照<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#680;]</span><br>j||穿<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#680;&#688;]</span><br>q||床<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#677;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
+
|rowspan=2|[[龈腭音|龈腭]][[擦音]]||rowspan=2|正齿音||照<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#680;]</span><br>j||穿<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#680;&#688;]</span><br>q||床<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#677;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|-
|审<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#597;]</span><br>x||&nbsp;||禅<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#657;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|审<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#597;]</span><br>x||&nbsp;||禅<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#657;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
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|[[软腭音|软腭]][[擦音]]||晓<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[x]</span><br>h||&nbsp;||匣<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#611;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|[[软腭音|软腭]][[擦音]]||晓<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[x]</span><br>h||&nbsp;||匣<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#611;]</span><br>&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-
|-
-
|[[硬颚音|硬颚]][[半元音]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||喻<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[j]</span><br>y
+
|[[硬腭音|硬腭]][[半元音]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||喻<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[j]</span><br>y
|-
|-
|[[龈音|龈]][[边音]]||colspan=2|半舌音||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||来<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[l]</span><br>l
|[[龈音|龈]][[边音]]||colspan=2|半舌音||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||来<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[l]</span><br>l
|-
|-
-
|[[龈颚音|龈颚]][[鼻音]]||colspan=2|半齿音||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||日<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#565;&#657;]</span><br>&nbsp;
+
|[[龈腭音|龈腭]][[鼻音]]||colspan=2|半齿音||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||日<br><span style="font-family:{{IPA fonts}}">[&#565;&#657;]</span><br>&nbsp;
|}
|}

Revision as of 07:38, 9 August 2006

三十六字母宋朝韵图上用来代表中古汉语声类字母系统。

三十六字母的系统和《切韵》的声类体系相吻合,但忽略了《切韵》一些重要的声类。清朝的学者陈澧以縝密的研究找出了三十六字母的不足,提出了更完整的声类系统。(详见切韵音

三十六字母的发明人為谁,至今尚無定论,王应麟在《玉海》一文中认为是守温所造。

按照《韵经》,三十六字母系统如下:

三十六字母
发音部位  全清    次清    全浊    次浊  
今名古名
双唇塞音唇音重唇音
[p]
b

[pʰ]
p

[b]
 

[m]
m
唇齿音轻唇音
[f]
f

[fʰ]
 

[v]
 

[ɱ]
 
塞音舌音舌头音
[t]
d

[tʰ]
t

[d]
 

[n]
n
卷舌塞音舌上音
[ʈ]
 

[ʈʰ]
 

[ɖ]
 

[ɳ]
 
齿擦音齿音齿头音
[ts]
z

[tsʰ]
c

[dz]
 
 

[s]
s
 
[z]
 
 
龈腭擦音正齿音
[ʨ]
j
穿
[ʨʰ]
q

[ʥ]
 
 

[ɕ]
x
 
[ʑ]
 
 
软腭塞音牙音
[k]
g

[kʰ]
k

[g]
 

[ŋ]
ng
声门塞音 喉音
ʔ
 
   
软腭擦音
[x]
h
 
[ɣ]
 
 
硬腭半元音   
[j]
y
边音半舌音   
[l]
l
龈腭鼻音半齿音   
[ȵʑ]
 
ja:三十六字母

ko:삼십육자모

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