Hornbostel-Sachs classification

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Revision as of 02:15, 14 September 2006

In 1914 E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs proposed a system of classification for musical instruments. Their four main divisions were idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones; wind instruments are a subset of the latter. Here's the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of the aerophones:

4 Aerophones

41 Free aerophones

411 Displacement free aerophones

412 Interruptive free aerophones

412.1 Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds

412.11 Concussion reeds

412.12 Percussion reeds

412.121 Individual percussion reeds

412.122 Sets of percussion reeds

412.13 Free reeds

412.131 (Individual) free reeds

412.132 Sets of free reeds

412.14 Ribbon reeds

412.2 Non-idiophonic interruptive instruments

412.21 Rotating aerophones

412.22 Whirling aerophones

413 Plosive aerophones

42 Wind instruments proper

421 Edge instruments or flutes

421.1 Flutes without duct

421.11 End-blown flutes

421.111 (Single) end-blown flutes

421.111.1 Open single end-blown flutes

421.111.11 Without finger-holes

421.111.12 With finger-holes

421.111.2 Stopped single end-blown flutes

421.111.21 Without finger-holes

421.111.22 With finger-holes

421.112 Sets of end-blown flutes or panpipes

421.112.1 Open panpipes

421.112.11 Open (raft) panpipes

421.112.2 Open bundle (pan)pipes

421.112.21 Stopped panpipes

421.112.3 Mixed open and stopped panpipes

421.12 Side-blown flutes

421.121 (Single) side-blown flutes

421.121.1 Open side-blown flutes

421.121.11 Without finger-holes

421.121.12 With finger-holes

421.121.2 Partly stopped side-blown flutes

421.121.3 Stopped side-blown flutes

421.121.31 Without finger-holes

421.121.311 With fixed stopped lower end

421.121.312 With adjustable stopped lower end

421.121.32 With finger-holes

421.122 Sets of side-blown flutes

421.122.1 Sets of open side-blown flutes

421.122.2 Sets of stopped side-blown flutes

421.13 Vessel flutes

421.2 Flutes with duct

421.21 Flutes with external duct

421.211 (Single) flutes with external duct

421.211.1 Open flutes with external duct

421.211.11 Without finger-holes

421.211.12 With finger-holes

421.211.2 Partly stopped flutes with external duct

421.211.3 Stopped flutes with external duct

421.212 Sets of flutes with external duct

421.22 Flutes with internal duct

421.221 (Single) flutes with internal duct

421.221.1 Open flutes with internal duct

421.221.11 Without finger-holes

421.221.12 With finger-holes

421.221.2 Partly stopped flute with internal duct

421.221.3 Stopped flutes with internal duct

421.221.31 Without finger-holes

421.221.311 With fixed stopped lower end

421.221.312 With adjustable stopped lower end

421.221.4 Vessel flutes with duct

421.221.41 Without finger-holes

421.221.42 With finger-holes

421.222 Sets of flutes with internal duct

421.222.1 Sets of open flutes with internal duct

421.222.11 Without finger-holes

421.222.12 With finger-holes

421.222.2 Sets of partly stopped flutes with internal duct

421.222.3 Sets of stopped flutes with internal duct

422 Reedpipes

422.1 Oboes

422.11 (Single) oboes

422.111 With cylindrical bore

422.111.1 Without finger-holes

422.111.2 With finger-holes

422.112 With conical bore

422.12 Sets of oboes

422.121 With cylindrical bore

422.122 With conical bore

422.2 Clarinets

422.21 (Single) clarinets

422.211 With cylindrical bore

422.211.1 Without finger-holes

422.211.2 With finger-holes

422.212 With conical bore

422.22 Sets of clarinets

422.3 Reedpipes with free reeds

422.31 Single pipes with free reeds

422.32 Double pipes with free reeds

423 Trumpets

423.1 Natural trumpets

423.11 Conches

423.111 End-blown

423.111.1 Without mouthpiece

423.111.2 With mouthpiece

423.12 Tubular trumpets

423.121 End-blown trumpets

423.121.1 End-blown straight trumpets

423.121.11 Without mouthpiece

423.121.12 With mouthpiece

423.121.2 End-blown horns

423.121.21 Without mouthpiece

423.121.22 With mouthpiece

423.122 Side-blown trumpets

423.122.1 Side-blown straight trumpets

423.122.2 Side-blown horns

423.2 Chromatic trumpets

423.21 Trumpets with finger-holes

423.22 Slide trumpets

423.23 Trumpets with valves

423.231 Valve bugles (conical)

423.232 Valve horns (perdominantly conical)

423.233 Valve trumpets (predominantly cylindrical)