Hornbostel-Sachs classification

From Oddwinds

Current revision as of 17:46, 14 September 2006

In 1914 E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs proposed a system of classification for musical instruments. Their four main divisions were idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones; wind instruments are a subset of the latter. Here's the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of the aerophones:

• 4 Aerophones
  • 41 Free aerophones
    • 411 Displacement free aerophones
    • 412 Interruptive free aerophones
      • 412.1 Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds
        • 412.11 Concussion reeds
        • 412.12 Percussion reeds
          • 412.121 Individual percussion reeds
          • 412.122 Sets of percussion reeds
        • 412.13 Free reeds
        • 412.131 (Individual) free reeds
        • 412.132 Sets of free reeds
      • 412.14 Ribbon reeds
    • 412.2 Non-idiophonic interruptive instruments
      • 412.21 Rotating aerophones
      • 412.22 Whirling aerophones
    • 413 Plosive aerophones
  • 42 Wind instruments proper
    • 421 Edge instruments or flutes
      • 421.1 Flutes without duct
        • 421.11 End-blown flutes
          • 421.111 (Single) end-blown flutes
            • 421.111.1 Open single end-blown flutes
              • 421.111.11 Without finger-holes
              • 421.111.12 With finger-holes
            • 421.111.2 Stopped single end-blown flutes
              • 421.111.21 Without finger-holes
              • 421.111.22 With finger-holes
          • 421.112 Sets of end-blown flutes or panpipes
            • 421.112.1 Open panpipes
            • 421.112.11 Open (raft) panpipes
          • 421.112.2 Open bundle (pan)pipes
            • 421.112.21 Stopped panpipes
          • 421.112.3 Mixed open and stopped panpipes
        • 421.12 Side-blown flutes
          • 421.121 (Single) side-blown flutes
            • 421.121.1 Open side-blown flutes
              • 421.121.11 Without finger-holes
              • 421.121.12 With finger-holes
            • 421.121.2 Partly stopped side-blown flutes
            • 421.121.3 Stopped side-blown flutes
              • 421.121.31 Without finger-holes
                • 421.121.311 With fixed stopped lower end
                • 421.121.312 With adjustable stopped lower end
              • 421.121.32 With finger-holes
          • 421.122 Sets of side-blown flutes
            • 421.122.1 Sets of open side-blown flutes
            • 421.122.2 Sets of stopped side-blown flutes
        • 421.13 Vessel flutes
      • 421.2 Flutes with duct
        • 421.21 Flutes with external duct
          • 421.211 (Single) flutes with external duct
            • 421.211.1 Open flutes with external duct
              • 421.211.11 Without finger-holes
              • 421.211.12 With finger-holes
            • 421.211.2 Partly stopped flutes with external duct
            • 421.211.3 Stopped flutes with external duct
          • 421.212 Sets of flutes with external duct
        • 421.22 Flutes with internal duct
          • 421.221 (Single) flutes with internal duct
            • 421.221.1 Open flutes with internal duct
              • 421.221.11 Without finger-holes
              • 421.221.12 With finger-holes
            • 421.221.2 Partly stopped flute with internal duct
            • 421.221.3 Stopped flutes with internal duct
              • 421.221.31 Without finger-holes
                • 421.221.311 With fixed stopped lower end
                • 421.221.312 With adjustable stopped lower end
            • 421.221.4 Vessel flutes with duct
              • 421.221.41 Without finger-holes
              • 421.221.42 With finger-holes
          • 421.222 Sets of flutes with internal duct
            • 421.222.1 Sets of open flutes with internal duct
              • 421.222.11 Without finger-holes
              • 421.222.12 With finger-holes
            • 421.222.2 Sets of partly stopped flutes with internal duct
            • 421.222.3 Sets of stopped flutes with internal duct
    • 422 Reedpipes
      • 422.1 Oboes
        • 422.11 (Single) oboes
          • 422.111 With cylindrical bore
            • 422.111.1 Without finger-holes
            • 422.111.2 With finger-holes
          • 422.112 With conical bore
        • 422.12 Sets of oboes
          • 422.121 With cylindrical bore
          • 422.122 With conical bore
      • 422.2 Clarinets
        • 422.21 (Single) clarinets
          • 422.211 With cylindrical bore
            • 422.211.1 Without finger-holes
            • 422.211.2 With finger-holes
          • 422.212 With conical bore
        • 422.22 Sets of clarinets
      • 422.3 Reedpipes with free reeds
        • 422.31 Single pipes with free reeds
        • 422.32 Double pipes with free reeds
    • 423 Trumpets
      • 423.1 Natural trumpets
        • 423.11 Conches
          • 423.111 End-blown
            • 423.111.1 Without mouthpiece
            • 423.111.2 With mouthpiece
        • 423.12 Tubular trumpets
          • 423.121 End-blown trumpets
            • 423.121.1 End-blown straight trumpets
              • 423.121.11 Without mouthpiece
              • 423.121.12 With mouthpiece
            • 423.121.2 End-blown horns
              • 423.121.21 Without mouthpiece
              • 423.121.22 With mouthpiece
          • 423.122 Side-blown trumpets
            • 423.122.1 Side-blown straight trumpets
            • 423.122.2 Side-blown horns
      • 423.2 Chromatic trumpets
        • 423.21 Trumpets with finger-holes
        • 423.22 Slide trumpets
        • 423.23 Trumpets with valves
          • 423.231 Valve bugles (conical)
          • 423.232 Valve horns (perdominantly conical)
          • 423.233 Valve trumpets (predominantly cylindrical)