From Mycomputer Notes

Poperties of half duplex - Only one host can transmit at a time becayse the NIC needs to listeen for collisions.

The NIC provides several circuit.ost important are:

• received (RX)
• transmit (TX)
• Collision Detection
• Banwith usage = 50% to 60%

CSMA/CD

The first device to detect the collision will generate a jam signal (colliding devices continue to transmit so that all devices will hear the collision)

• Network Congestions:
• Relieving congestion requires
• Increasing the amount of bandwidth and/or
• Using available bandwidth more efficiently

Network Latency

Network Latency ;

Represenet the itime it takes a fram to travel from is source device to its final destination onthe network. Latency can also de described as the delauy between the time a device request access to a network and the time it is granted [ermission to transmit.

Trasnmission time;

It is the time necessary to move a packet from the data link layer to the physical layer.

• Bridge stores the entire frame before it fowards it. (store-and-forward)