Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
From Kaiserreich
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (born Corneliu Zelinski, 13.09.1899) is a Romanian politician and Conducător (Head of State) of Romania. He is also known as the Captain (Căpitanul). References to him as just Corneliu Codreanu do exist, and Zelea is never used as the family name, all entries for Codreanu cite it as if it were a middle name.
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Biography
Early life
Corneliu Codreanu was born in Huşi to Ion Zelea Codreanu and Elizabeth (Brunner) Codreanu. Ion would later become a political figure within his son's Movement. A native of Bucovina in Austria-Hungary, Ion had originally been known as Zelinski; his wife was ethnically German. The speculation that Ion Zelea Codreanu was originally a Rusyn is in contrast with the Romanian chauvinism he embraced for the rest of his life.
Too young for conscription in 1916, when Romania entered World War I, Corneliu nonetheless tried his best to enlist. His education at the military school in Bacău (where he was a colleague of Petre Pandrea, the future left-wing activist) ended in the same year as Romania's direct implication in the war. In 1919 he moved to Iaşi.
GCN and Strikes in Iaşi
Codreanu studied Law in Iaşi. In late 1919, he joined the short-lived Garda Conştiinţei Naţionale (GCN, "The National Awareness Guard"), a group formed by the electrician Constantin Pancu, who attempted to revive loyalism within the proletariat (while offering an alternative to Communism by promising to advocate increased labor rights). As much as other reactionary groups, it won the tacit support of General Alexandru Averescu and his increasingly popular People's Party (of which Cuza became an affiliate); Averescu's ascension to power in 1920 engendered a new period of social troubles in the larger urban areas. The GCN, in which Codreanu thought he could see the nucleus of nationalist trade unions, became active in crushing strike actions.
The Iron Guard
In 1923 he founded the National-Christian Defense League, which was to be renamed in 1925 to the League of the Archangel Michael, also known as the Iron Guard or the Legion. In 1929, following popular support and a political crisis caused by the failure to vote an accepted cabinet, the Guard marched to Cotroceni Palace; the King, Ferdinand I, was forced to abdicate, and Codreanu became head of state of the newly renamed Romanian National-Legionary State.
In 1933 he wrote an autobiography describing his views and how he formed the party that would become the only one in Romania. It has been translated in 7 languages, including English.
