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From Joe

Charger : in numerous UPS systems due to the nature of these design another battery charger is used, this is more common on sub 60kVA UPS systems and is quite common on small sub 3kVA items.

Battery : this is actually the energy storage area and is kept charged eith...

Rectifier : this part of the UPS converts the incoming alternating current (ac) supply to direct current (dc) and can provide charging current for the battery and also the supply requirements for the inverter.

Charger : in a number of UPS systems as a result of nature of the design a separate battery charger is applied, this is extremely common on small sub 3kVA products and is more common on sub 60kVA UPS systems.

Battery : this is actually the energy storage area and is kept charged both by the rectifier or perhaps a separate charger. Its storage capacity is usually exhibited, as AH (ampere hour), which will be the number of amperes of current that the battery can supply for an hour. There will be an amount of limiting factors dependant on the application, typically if the design calls for a small autonomy (period of time the battery will support its weight for), the batteries can be discharged to a level, in the case of emergency lighting where there's a necessity for a autonomy the battery will not be allowed to release therefore much. These conditions help to allow the maximum design life of the battery to be performed.

Inverter : this area of the Uninterruptible power supply has an ac output to the load which will be in phase with the input mains supply. Because of the amount of conversions (ac to dc to ac) and the selection involved it may be referred to as a 'clean source.'

Fixed Switch : this signal is as simple as a relay or even more commonly using thyristors, its purpose is to switch the load between the utility mains supply and the inverter. In order that any switching between the two will undoubtedly be almost seamless as has been earlier mentioned the result of the inverter is in phase with the power mains offer. This arrangement means that if the inverter experiences an overload condition, due to its fast over-current detection circuits it'll shift force to the more sturdy mains supply. An average example would be whenever a server rack is switched on, the inrush current, depending upon the size of one's uninterruptible power supplies, may cause the transfer to the power mains supply, and once switched on the load can transfer back to the inverter giving the inverter has sufficient ability to support the load. Also a mistake on the inverter may cause the load to be transferred, again essentially seamlessly; it would be unusual for just about any loss of load that occurs during these conditions.

Maintenance Bypass : more usually within UPS systems with a volume of 6kVA or greater. This arrangement allows the load to be transferred under controlled conditions to the power mains and the UPS to be shut down without damage. Generally completed for routine UPS preservation or UPS restore.

External Maintenance Bypass : the installation of an maintenance bypass can allow the UPS to be removed/replaced without disturbance to the load, also, if the true maintenance bypass is fed from another source it can allow load testing in the case of a significant UPS restoration and/or checking of the independence under simulated load situations while the site load has been recognized by the external maintenance bypass circuit. This is used when allowing the UPS System to be bypassed onto standby diesel generator power. Alternately, when batteries are replaced and removed, it can only be done by setting the uniterruptible power into outer bypass.