Adrenal gland

From Iusmphysiology

---

Revision as of 16:59, 2 March 2011

• continued here Endocrine control mechanism at 11:11AM on 03/02/11.

Contents 1 Adrenal glands 1.1 Cortex 1.1.1 Glucocorticoids 1.1.2 Cortisol effects on various systems 1.1.3 Mineralocorticoids 1.2 Adrenal diseases 1.2.1 Addison's disease 1.2.2 Cushing's syndrome 1.2.3 Cushing's disease 1.2.4 Other 1.2.5 Hypoaldosteronism 1.2.6 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Adrenal glands

• accidentally baleted notes

Cortex

Glucocorticoids

• An impt stress response
• Glucocorticoids bind with HSPs then homodimerize to go into the nucleus to be a txn factor.

Cortisol effects on various systems

• Acts on many, many tissues.

Mineralocorticoids

• Made by zona glomerulosa
• Aldosterone
• Effects:
  • Increases interstitial levels of ...?

• skipped some material

Adrenal diseases

Addison's disease

• JFK had Addison's disease.
• ADrenocortico insufficiency:
  • Too little cortisol
• Primary Cause:
  • Autoimmune
  • Infectious
• Secondary cause
  • PIt doesn't make enough ACTH (1 in 100K)
• Presentation:
  • Low cortisol,
  • hypoglycemia,
  • high ACTH
    • b/c no feedback, could lead to adrenal hypertrophy,
    • could lead to odd coloring
  • high sex hormone precursors like ADHEA.
• Adrenal insufficiency occurs in pit in the 2nd and 3rd from the left.

Cushing's syndrome

• Diseases of excess of cortisol
• Could be an adrenal tumor making too much cortisol.
• Causes really low ACTH b/c lots of feedback on the Pit
• An umbrella term for overproduction of ACTH
  • If it is a pit ACTH-producing tumor, then it is the disease.

Cushing's disease

• Tumor of the pit htat makes ACTH
• Similar outcome to syndrome (too much cortisol)
• Can tell the diff b/c ACTH is high.
• Presentation:
  • Key are high bp and high blood sugar.

Other

• Other tumors that make ACTH or something that mimics ACTH.

Hypoaldosteronism

• He won't test us on enzyme names in the flow chart of steroid production.

• spaced out a bit

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

• stopped taking notes....

• stopped here on 03/02/11 at 12PM.