Biology

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Contents

Characteristics of living things

  1. Feeding
  2. Respiration
  3. Excretion
  4. Growth
  5. Movement
  6. Reproduction
  7. Sensitivity
  8. Cells

Differences between Animals and Plants

Animals

  1. Hunt their own food
  2. Bigger and faster movements than plants
  3. React faster than plants do to the outside world
  4. Made up of Certain organs, such as heart, lungs, brain, etc.
  5. Made up of animal cells

Plants

  1. Produce their own food
  2. Smaller and slower movements than animals
  3. React slower than animals do to the outside world
  4. Made up of certain organs such as leaves, stem, etc.
  5. Made up of plant cells

Differences between animal and plant cells

Plant cells

Animal cells

  • Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
  • Do not have a cell wall
  • Do not have chloroplasts
  • Only sometimes have multiple small temporary vacuoles, but these never contains cell sap
  • Shape varies, is indefinete
  • Have the nucleus in the middle of the cell

Specialised cells

Name of cell Function Adaptation
Red blood cell Carry oxygen No nucleus, large surface area
Neuron (Nerve cell) Transmit and store information Have many connecting side branches
White blood cell Engulf and destroy bacteria Cytoplasm can flow
Ciliated Windpipe cells Keep the trachea clear of dust etc. Have tiny hairs that move from side to side
Sperm (Cell) Fertilise egg cells Has a powerful tail

Organelles

Organelles are the parts of a cell.

Structure Animal cell Plant cell Function
Nucleus Yes Yes Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A)
Cytoplasm Yes Yes New substances are made and energy is relased and stored.
Mitochondria Yes Yes Produces energy from food substances, Respiration
Cell Membrane Yes Yes Hold the cell together. Protect the cell
Ribosome Yes Yes Builds up cell’s proteins
Vacuole Yes Yes Stores water. Filled with cell sap.
Cell wall No Yes Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it.
Starch Grains No Yes Stores food
Glycogen Granules Yes No Stores food
Chloroplasts No Yes Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
Enzymes Yes Yes Controls rate and type of chemical reactions
Plastids Yes Yes Store things
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