Biology

From Infocentral

Contents 1 Characteristics of living things 2 Differences between Animals and Plants 2.1 Differences between animal and plant cells 3 Specialised cells 4 Organelles

Characteristics of living things

1. Feeding
2. Respiration
3. Excretion
4. Growth
5. Movement
6. Reproduction
7. Sensitivity
8. Cells

Differences between Animals and Plants

Animals

1. Hunt their own food
2. Bigger and faster movements than plants
3. React faster than plants do to the outside world
4. Made up of Certain organs, such as heart, lungs, brain, etc.
5. Made up of animal cells

Plants

1. Produce their own food
2. Smaller and slower movements than animals
3. React slower than animals do to the outside world
4. Made up of certain organs such as leaves, stem, etc.
5. Made up of plant cells

Differences between animal and plant cells

Plant cells

• Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
  • Chloroplasts
  • Cell wall
  • Starch grains
• Have a large permanent central vacuole containing cell sap
• Have a box–like "squared" shape
• Have the nucleus to the side of the cell

Animal cells

• Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
  • Centrioles
  • Glycogen granules
• Do not have a cell wall
• Do not have chloroplasts
• Only sometimes have multiple small temporary vacuoles, but these never contains cell sap
• Shape varies, is indefinete
• Have the nucleus in the middle of the cell

Specialised cells

Name of cell	Function	Adaptation
Red blood cell	Carry oxygen	No nucleus, large surface area
Neuron (Nerve cell)	Transmit and store information	Have many connecting side branches
White blood cell	Engulf and destroy bacteria	Cytoplasm can flow
Ciliated Windpipe cells	Keep the trachea clear of dust etc.	Have tiny hairs that move from side to side
Sperm (Cell)	Fertilise egg cells	Has a powerful tail

Organelles

Organelles are the parts of a cell.

Structure	Animal cell	Plant cell	Function
Nucleus	Yes	Yes	Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A)
Cytoplasm	Yes	Yes	New substances are made and energy is relased and stored.
Mitochondria	Yes	Yes	Produces energy from food substances, Respiration
Cell Membrane	Yes	Yes	Hold the cell together. Protect the cell
Ribosome	Yes	Yes	Builds up cell’s proteins
Vacuole	Yes	Yes	Stores water. Filled with cell sap.
Cell wall	No	Yes	Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it.
Starch Grains	No	Yes	Stores food
Glycogen Granules	Yes	No	Stores food
Chloroplasts	No	Yes	Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
Enzymes	Yes	Yes	Controls rate and type of chemical reactions
Plastids	Yes	Yes	Store things