Biology
From Infocentral
Contents |
Characteristics of living things
Feeding – Respiration – Excretion – Growth – Movement – Reproduction – Sensitivity – Cells.
Different between Animals and Plants
Animals hunt their own food and Plants reproduces their own food. Also, animal can move. And animals have different cells than Plants.
Different between animal and plant cells
Plant cells: Have tough cellulose wall Have chloroplasts not all of them) Have a large permanent vacuole containing cell sap Many have box – like shape Have a nucleus to the side of the cell
Animal cell: Do not have cellulose walls Do not have chloroplasts Only sometimes have small temporary vacuoles but never contains cell sap Shape varies Have a nucleus 9in the middle of the cell
Specialised cells
| Name of cell | Function | Adaptation |
|---|---|---|
| Red blood cell | Carry oxygen | No nucleus, large surface area |
| Nerve cell (neuron) | Transmit and store information | Have many connecting side branches |
| White blood cell | Engulf and destroy bacteria | Cytoplasm can flow |
| Ciliated Windpipe cells | Keep the trachea clear of dust etc. | Have tiny hairs that move from side to side |
| Sperm Cell | Fertilise egg cells | Has a powerful tail |
ORGANELLES
Parts of a cell
| Structure | Animal cell | Plant cell | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | YES | YES | Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A) |
| Cytoplasm | YES | YES | Transfers energy, makes things, stores food and contains organelles. |
| Mitochondria | YES | YES | Produces energy from food substances, Respiration |
| Cell Membrane | YES | YES | Hold the cell together. Protect the cell |
| Ribosome | YES | YES | Build up cell’s proteins |
| Vacuole | YES | YES | Stores water. Filled with cell sop. Stores food. |
| Cell wall | NO | YES | Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s ghape and protect it. |
| Strach Grains | NO | YES | Stores food |
| Glycogen Granules | YES | NO | Stores food |
| Chloroplasts | NO | YES | Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophy II. |
| Enzymes | YES | YES | Controls rate and type of chemical reactions |
| Plastids | YES | YES | Store things |
