Biology
From Infocentral
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|[[Cell wall]] | |[[Cell wall]] | ||
Current revision as of 16:23, 11 May 2007
Contents |
Characteristics of living things
Differences between Animals and Plants
- Hunt their own food
- Bigger and faster movements than plants
- React faster than plants do to the outside world
- Made up of Certain organs, such as heart, lungs, brain, etc.
- Made up of animal cells
- Produce their own food
- Smaller and slower movements than animals
- React slower than animals do to the outside world
- Made up of certain organs such as leaves, stem, etc.
- Made up of plant cells
Differences between animal and plant cells
- Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
- Have a large permanent central vacuole containing cell sap
- Have a box–like "squared" shape
- Have the nucleus to the side of the cell
- Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
- Do not have a cell wall
- Do not have chloroplasts
- Only sometimes have multiple small temporary vacuoles, but these never contains cell sap
- Shape varies, is indefinete
- Have the nucleus in the middle of the cell
Specialised cells
| Name of cell | Function | Adaptation |
|---|---|---|
| Red blood cell | Carry oxygen | No nucleus, large surface area |
| Neuron (Nerve cell) | Transmit and store information | Have many connecting side branches |
| White blood cell | Engulf and destroy bacteria | Cytoplasm can flow |
| Ciliated Windpipe cells | Keep the trachea clear of dust etc. | Have tiny hairs that move from side to side |
| Sperm (Cell) | Fertilise egg cells | Has a powerful tail |
Organelles
Organelles are the parts of a cell.
| Structure | Animal cell | Plant cell | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Yes | Yes | Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A) |
| Cytoplasm | Yes | Yes | New substances are made and energy is relased and stored. |
| Mitochondria | Yes | Yes | Produces energy from food substances, Respiration |
| Cell Membrane | Yes | Yes | Hold the cell together. Protect the cell |
| Ribosome | Yes | Yes | Builds up cell’s proteins |
| Vacuole | Yes | Yes | Stores water. Filled with cell sap. |
| Cell wall | No | Yes | Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it. |
| Starch Grains | No | Yes | Stores food |
| Glycogen Granules | Yes | No | Stores food |
| Chloroplasts | No | Yes | Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll. |
| Enzymes | Yes | Yes | Controls rate and type of chemical reactions |
| Plastids | Yes | Yes | Store things |
