Biology

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== Characteristics of living things ==
== Characteristics of living things ==
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#Feeding
+
#[[Feeding]]
-
#Respiration
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#[[Respiration]]
-
#Excretion
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#[[Excretion]]
-
#Growth
+
#[[Growth]]
-
#Movement
+
#[[Movement]]
-
#Reproduction
+
#[[Reproduction]]
-
#Sensitivity
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#[[Sensitivity]]
-
#Cells
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#[[Cells]]
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== Different between Animals and Plants ==
+
== Differences between Animals and Plants ==
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Animals hunt their own food and Plants reproduces their own food. Also, animal can move. And animals have different types of cells than Plants.
+
'''[[Animals]]'''
 +
#Hunt their own food
 +
#Bigger and faster movements than plants
 +
#React faster than plants do to the outside world
 +
#Made up of Certain organs, such as [[heart]], [[lungs]], [[brain]], etc.
 +
#Made up of animal cells
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=== Different between animal and plant cells ===
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'''[[Plants]]'''
 +
#Produce their own food
 +
#Smaller and slower movements than animals
 +
#React slower than animals do to the outside world
 +
#Made up of certain organs such as leaves, stem, etc.
 +
#Made up of plant cells
 +
=== Differences between animal and plant cells ===
-
'''Plant cells'''
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'''[[Plant cell]]s'''
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*Have tough cellulose wall
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*Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
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*Have chloroplasts not all of them)
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**[[Chloroplast]]s
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*Have a large permanent vacuole containing cell sap
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**[[Cell wall]]
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*Many have box – like shape  
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**[[Starch grain]]s
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*Have a nucleus to the side of the cell
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*Have a large permanent central [[vacuole]] containing [[cell sap]]
 +
*Have a box–like "squared" shape  
 +
*Have the [[nucleus]] to the side of the cell
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'''Animal cell:'''
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'''[[Animal cells]]'''
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*Do not have cellulose walls
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*Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
-
*Do not have chloroplasts
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**[[Centriole]]s
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*Only sometimes have small temporary vacuoles but never contains cell sap
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**[[Glycogen granule]]s
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*Shape varies
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*Do '''not''' have a cell wall
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*Have a nucleus 9in the middle of the cell
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*Do '''not''' have chloroplasts
 +
*Only sometimes have multiple small temporary vacuoles, but these never contains cell sap
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*Shape varies, is indefinete
 +
*Have the nucleus in the middle of the cell
== Specialised cells ==
== Specialised cells ==
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!Adaptation
!Adaptation
|-
|-
-
|'''Red blood cell'''
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|'''[[Red blood cell]]'''
|Carry oxygen
|Carry oxygen
|No nucleus, large surface area
|No nucleus, large surface area
|-
|-
-
|'''Nerve cell (neuron)'''
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|'''[[Neuron]] (Nerve cell)'''
|Transmit and store information
|Transmit and store information
|Have many connecting side branches
|Have many connecting side branches
|-
|-
-
|'''White blood cell'''
+
|'''[[White blood cell]]'''
|Engulf and destroy bacteria
|Engulf and destroy bacteria
|Cytoplasm can flow
|Cytoplasm can flow
|-
|-
-
|'''Ciliated Windpipe cells'''
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|'''[[Ciliated Windpipe cells]]'''
|Keep the trachea clear of dust etc.
|Keep the trachea clear of dust etc.
|Have tiny hairs that move from side to side
|Have tiny hairs that move from side to side
|-
|-
-
|'''Sperm Cell'''
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|'''[[Sperm]] (Cell)'''
|Fertilise egg cells
|Fertilise egg cells
|Has a powerful tail
|Has a powerful tail
|}
|}
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== Organelles ==
+
== [[Organelle]]s ==
Organelles are the parts of a cell.
Organelles are the parts of a cell.
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!Function
!Function
|-
|-
-
|Nucleus
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|[[Nucleus]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A)
|Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A)
|-
|-
-
|Cytoplasm
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|[[Cytoplasm]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
-
|Transfers energy, makes things, stores food and contains organelles.
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|New substances are made and energy is relased and stored.
|-
|-
-
|Mitochondria
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|[[Mitochondria]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Produces energy from food substances, Respiration
|Produces energy from food substances, Respiration
|-
|-
-
|Cell Membrane
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|[[Cell Membrane]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Hold the cell together. Protect the cell
|Hold the cell together. Protect the cell
|-
|-
-
|Ribosome
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|[[Ribosome]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Builds up cell’s proteins
|Builds up cell’s proteins
|-
|-
-
|Vacuole
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|[[Vacuole]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
-
|Stores water. Filled with cell sop. Stores food.
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|Stores water. Filled with cell sap.  
|-
|-
-
|Cell wall
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|[[Cell wall]]
|No
|No
|Yes
|Yes
|Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it.
|Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it.
|-
|-
-
|Starch Grains
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|[[Starch Grain]]s
|No
|No
|Yes
|Yes
|Stores food
|Stores food
|-
|-
-
|Glycogen Granules
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|[[Glycogen Granule]]s
|Yes
|Yes
|No
|No
|Stores food
|Stores food
|-
|-
-
|Chloroplasts
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|[[Chloroplast]]s
|No
|No
|Yes
|Yes
|Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
|Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
|-
|-
-
|Enzymes
+
|[[Enzyme]]s
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Controls rate and type of chemical reactions
|Controls rate and type of chemical reactions
|-
|-
-
|Plastids
+
|[[Plastid]]s
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|Store things
|Store things
|}
|}

Current revision as of 16:23, 11 May 2007

Contents

Characteristics of living things

  1. Feeding
  2. Respiration
  3. Excretion
  4. Growth
  5. Movement
  6. Reproduction
  7. Sensitivity
  8. Cells

Differences between Animals and Plants

Animals

  1. Hunt their own food
  2. Bigger and faster movements than plants
  3. React faster than plants do to the outside world
  4. Made up of Certain organs, such as heart, lungs, brain, etc.
  5. Made up of animal cells

Plants

  1. Produce their own food
  2. Smaller and slower movements than animals
  3. React slower than animals do to the outside world
  4. Made up of certain organs such as leaves, stem, etc.
  5. Made up of plant cells

Differences between animal and plant cells

Plant cells

Animal cells

  • Have the following "unique" organelles, the ones that are exclusive for them
  • Do not have a cell wall
  • Do not have chloroplasts
  • Only sometimes have multiple small temporary vacuoles, but these never contains cell sap
  • Shape varies, is indefinete
  • Have the nucleus in the middle of the cell

Specialised cells

Name of cell Function Adaptation
Red blood cell Carry oxygen No nucleus, large surface area
Neuron (Nerve cell) Transmit and store information Have many connecting side branches
White blood cell Engulf and destroy bacteria Cytoplasm can flow
Ciliated Windpipe cells Keep the trachea clear of dust etc. Have tiny hairs that move from side to side
Sperm (Cell) Fertilise egg cells Has a powerful tail

Organelles

Organelles are the parts of a cell.

Structure Animal cell Plant cell Function
Nucleus Yes Yes Contains the information of the cell (D.N.A)
Cytoplasm Yes Yes New substances are made and energy is relased and stored.
Mitochondria Yes Yes Produces energy from food substances, Respiration
Cell Membrane Yes Yes Hold the cell together. Protect the cell
Ribosome Yes Yes Builds up cell’s proteins
Vacuole Yes Yes Stores water. Filled with cell sap.
Cell wall No Yes Made up of cellulose. Lets water and other substances to pass through. And is not selective. Maintain cell’s shape and protect it.
Starch Grains No Yes Stores food
Glycogen Granules Yes No Stores food
Chloroplasts No Yes Produces photosynthesis. It absorbs the energy in sun light. These contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
Enzymes Yes Yes Controls rate and type of chemical reactions
Plastids Yes Yes Store things
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