States of Matter

From Ibstudy

Contents 1 5.1.1 1.1 Solids 1.2 Liquids 1.3 Gas 2 5.1.2 2.1 Ideal Gas 3 5.1.3 3.1 Solid to Liquid 3.2 Liquid to Gas 3.3 Gas to Liquid 3.4 Liquid to Solid 4 5.1.4

5.1.1

Solids

• Molecules / Atoms are tightly packed
• Force of attraction between molecules overcomes any translational motion of molecules, the molecules do vibrate in position though.

Liquids

• Particles are very close together, but are free to move around

Gas

• Particles are free, they move randomly
• No significant force between particles
• Relatively large space between particles

5.1.2

Ideal Gas

• Composed of randomly moving point masses occupying no space and with no forces between masses. The average (rms) speed of the movement of particles is proportional to temperature (in K). As a result, the kinetic energy of the particles is also proportional to temperature -www.kstruct.com

5.1.3

Solid to Liquid

• The structure of the solid is broken down due to an increase in the vibration of particles (from energy being added in the form of heat)

Liquid to Gas

• As energy (again, from heat) is transfered to the liquid, the particles gain enough energy to escape the liquid, and become a gas

Gas to Liquid

• Heat is removed, particles slow down to the point where the forces between particles are strong enough to hold them together, but are still able to move freely

Liquid to Solid

• Loses energy, resulting in stronger forces of attraction, creating a rigid solid structure

5.1.4

• Increase in temp = Larger volume or higher pressure
• Increase in volume = Decrease in temp or decrease in pressure
• Increase in pressure = Decrease in volume or increase in temp