Organic Chemistry

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	**Butane		**Butane
	**Pentane		**Pentane
-	[[Image:Propane.gif]]	+
		+
		+	[[Image:Methane.gif]] Methane
		+	[[Image:Ethane.gif]] Ethane
		+	[[Image:Propane.gif]] Propane
		+	[[Image:Butane.gif]] Butane
		+	etc.
		+
		+	====Isomerism====
		+	*The idea that one hydrocarbon can exist in another form or structure. This will occur if:
		+	**Each '''carbon''' forms '''four bonds'''
		+	**Each '''hydrogen''' forms '''one bond'''
		+	**Each '''oxygen''' forms '''two bonds'''
		+
		+	*If the bonds formed are not straight, the isomer is known to be ''branched''
		+	*Here is an example with C4H10
		+	[[Image:Butane.gif]] Butane (C4H10)
		+	[[Image:Methyl_propane.gif]] Methyl Propane (C4H10)
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Revision as of 20:11, 5 January 2008

Contents 1 11.1 Homologous series 1.1 Physical Properties of Alkanes 2 11.2 Hydrocarbons 2.1 Alkanes 2.2 Isomerism

11.1 Homologous series

• A homologous series is a set of compounds with one repeating functional group

Physical Properties of Alkanes

• As chain length increases, so does boiling point, as an increased number of electrons causes stronger Van de Waal forces
• The increase in boiling temperature is rapid at first, but flattens off

11.2 Hydrocarbons

• Compounds containing only Hydrogen and carbon
• Three examples,
  • Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

Alkanes

• Alkanes have a CH3 group at each end, and are made up of CH2 groups.
• First five are,
  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
  • Pentane

Methane Ethane Propane Butane etc.

Isomerism

• The idea that one hydrocarbon can exist in another form or structure. This will occur if:
  • Each carbon forms four bonds
  • Each hydrogen forms one bond
  • Each oxygen forms two bonds

• If the bonds formed are not straight, the isomer is known to be branched
• Here is an example with C4H10

Butane (C4H10) Methyl Propane (C4H10)

Functional Group Name	Functional Group
Aldehyde	-CHO
Ketone	-CO-
Alcohol	-OH
Carboxylic Acid	-COOH
Amine	-NH2
Amide	-CONH2
Halogenoalkane	-X (Any Halogen)
Ester	-COO-
Ether	-O-