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| - | Gödel, Escher, Bach - An Eternal Golden Braid
| + | Wiki successfully set up. |
| | | | |
| - | This wiki is for conversations and thoughts on the book. Below is a list of chapters of the book where you can enter your own thoughts about each section.
| + | ==First Steps== |
| | + | The username and password for the administrative account is '''admin''', '''admin'''. |
| | + | #<font color="red">Important:</font> [[Special:Userlogin|Log in]] as admin and go to [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]] to change your password! |
| | + | #On this page: [[image_logo_url]] put just the url for the logo. |
| | | | |
| - | -->[[Special:Allpages|All pages with content]]
| + | ==Other optional things to do== |
| - | | + | *Add the url for your wiki to the [http://www.editthis.info/wiki/index.php/Categorized_Wiki_List Categorized wiki list]. Simply edit that page and put your wiki under the appropriate category. |
| - | Red links are pages that have no comment, but you can add your own comments. Blue links contain comments.
| + | *To increase the amount of space you have for uploads, add links to http://editthis.info from external sites, and go to the [http://editthis.info/wiki/index.php/Link_Quota_Page Link Quota Page] to increase your uploads quota. |
| - | | + | *Edit [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] to change the navigation menu |
| - | __NOTOC__
| + | *Add this wiki to some external wiki indexes: |
| - | =[[PART I: GEB]]= | + | #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wiki Wikipedia list of wikis] |
| - | ==[[INTRODUCTION: A MUSICO-LOGICAL OFFERING]]==
| + | #[http://www.wikiindex.com/Add_a_Wiki WikiIndex]<br> |
| - | *[[Author]] | + | *If you are feeling adventurous and know a little about web design you can edit the javascript and css to the [[Header]] to change the look of your wiki. |
| - | *[[Bach]]
| + | **You must log as admin to do this |
| - | *[[Canons and Fugues]]
| + | **Whatever you enter in this page will be added to the html in the header after the standard style sheet, so you can override styles. |
| - | *[[An Endlessly Rising Canon]]
| + | *Read the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for other usage and configuration help. |
| - | *[[Escher]]
| + | *Add your wiki to the [http://editthis.info/wiki/index.php/Map_of_wikis map of wikis] |
| - | *[[Gödel]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mathematical Logic: A Synopsis]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Banishing Strange Loops]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Consistency, Completeness, Hilbert's Program]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Babbage, Computers, Artificial Intelligence...]]
| + | |
| - | *[[...and Bach]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Gödel Escher Bach]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Three-Part Invention]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 1: THE MU-PUZZLE]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Formal Systems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Theorems, Axioms, Rules]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Inside and Outside the System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Jumping out of the System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[M-Mode, I-Mode, U-Mode]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Decision Procedures]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two-Part Invention]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 2: MEANING AND FORM IN MATHEMATICS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[The pq-System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Decision Procedure]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Bottom-up vs. Top-down]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Isomorphisms Induce Meaning]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Meaningless and Meaningful Interpretations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Active vs. Passive Meanings]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Double-Entendre!]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Formal Systems and Reality]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mathematics and Symbol Manipulation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Basic Laws of Arithmetic]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ideal Numbers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Euclid's Proof]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Getting Around Infinity]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Sonata for Unaccompanied Achilles]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 3: FIGURE AND GROUND]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Primes vs. Composites]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The tq-System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Capturing Compositeness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Illegally Characterizing Primes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Figure and Ground]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Figure and Ground in Music]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursively Enumerable Sets vs. Recursive Sets]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Primes as Figure Rather than Ground]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Contracrostipunctus]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 4: CONSISTENCY, COMPLETENESS, AND GEOMETRY]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Implicit and Explicit Meaning]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Explicit Meaning of the Contracrostipunctus]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Implicit Meanings of the Contracrostipunctus]] | + | |
| - | *[[Mapping Between the Contracrostipunctus and Gödel's Theorem]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Art of the Fugue]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Problems Caused by Gödel's Result]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Modified pq-System and Inconsistency]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Regaining Consistency]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The History of Euclidean Geometry]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Many Faces of Noneuclid]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Undefined Terms]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Possibility of Multiple Interpretations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Varieties of Consistency]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Hypothetical Worlds and Consistency]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Embedding of One Formal System in Another]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Layers of Stability in Visual Perception]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Is Mathematics the Same in Every Conceivable World?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Is Number Theory the Same in All Conceivable Worlds?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Completeness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[How an Interpretation May Make or Break Completeness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Incompleteness of Formalized Number Theory]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Little Harmonic Labyrinth]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 5: RECURSIVE STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[What Is Recursion?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Pushing, Popping, and Stacks]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Stacks in Music]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursion in Language]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursive Transition Networks]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Bottoming Out" and Heterarchies"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Expanding Nodes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Diagram G and Recursive Sequences]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Chaotic Sequence]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Striking Recursive Graphs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursion at the Lowest Level of Matter]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Copies and Sameness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Programming and Recursion: Modularity, Loops, Procedures]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursion in Chess Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursion and Unpredictability]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Canon by Intervallic Augmentation]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 6: THE LOCATION OF MEANING]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[When is One Thing Not Always the Same?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Information-Bearers and Information-Revealers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Genotype and Phenotype]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Exotic and Prosaic Isomorphisms]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Jukeboxes and Triggers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[DNA and the Necessity of Chemical Context]]
| + | |
| - | *[[An Unlikely UFO]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Levels of Understanding of a Message]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Imaginary Spacescape]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Heroic Decipherers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Three Layers of Any Message]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Schrödinger's Aperiodic Crystals]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Languages for the Three Levels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Jukebox" Theory of Meaning"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Against the Jukebox Theory]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Meaning Is Intrinsic If Intelligence is Natural]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Earth Chauvinism]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Plaques in Space]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Bach vs. Cage Again]]
| + | |
| - | *[[How Universal Is DNA's Message?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Chromatic Fantasy, and Feud]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 7: THE PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Words and Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Alphabet and First Rule of the Propositional Calculus]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Well-Formed Strings]]
| + | |
| - | *[[More Rules of Inference]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Fantasy Rule]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recursion and the Fantasy Rule]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Converse of the Fantasy Rule]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Intended Interpretation of the Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Rounding Out the List of Rules]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Justifying the Rules]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Playing Around with the System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Semi-Interpretations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ganto's Ax]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Is There a Decision Procedure for Theorems?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Do We Know the System Is Consistent?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Carroll Dialogue Again]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Shortcuts and Derived Rules]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Formalizing Higher Levels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Reflections on the Strengths and Weaknesses of the System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Proofs vs. Derivations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Handling of Contradictions]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Crab Canon]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 8: TYPOGRAPHICAL NUMBER THEORY]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[The Crab Canon and Indirect Self-Reference]]
| + | |
| - | *[[What We Want to Be Able to Express in TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Numerals]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Variables and Terms]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Atoms and Propositional Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Free Variables and Quantifiers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Translating Our Sample Sentences]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tricks of the Trade]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Translation Puzzles for You]]
| + | |
| - | *[[How to Distinguish True from False?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Rules of Well-Formedness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Few More Translation Exercises]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Nontypographical System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Five Axioms and First Rules of TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Five Peano Postulates]]
| + | |
| - | *[[New Rules of TNT: Specification and Generalization]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Existential Quantifier]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Rules of Equality and Successorship]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Illegal Shortcuts]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Why Specification and Generalization Are Restricted]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Something Is Missing]]
| + | |
| - | *[[omega-Incomplete Systems and Undecidable Strings]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Non-Euclidean TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[omega-Inconsistency Is Not the Same as Inconsistency]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Last Rule]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Long Derivation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tension and Resolution in TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Formal Reasoning vs. Informal Reasoning]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Number Theorists Go out of Business]] | + | |
| - | *[[Hilbert's Program]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Mu Offering]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 9: MUMON AND GÖDEL]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[What is Zen?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Zen Master Mumon]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Zen's Struggle Against Dualism]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ism, The Un-Mode, and Unmon]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Zen and Tumbolia]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Escher and Zen]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Hemiolia and Escher]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Indra's Net]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mumon on MU]]
| + | |
| - | *[[From Mumon to the MU-puzzle]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mumon Shows Us How to Solve the MU-puzzle]] | + | |
| - | *[[Gödel-Numbering the MIU-System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Seeing Things Both Typographically and Arithmetically]]
| + | |
| - | *[[MIU-Producible Numbers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Answering Questions about Producible Numbers by Consulting TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Dual Nature of MUMON]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Codes and Implicit Meaning]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Boomerang: Gödel-Numbering TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[TNT-Numbers: A Recursively Enumerable Set of Numbers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[TNT Tries to Swallow Itself]]
| + | |
| - | *[[G: A String Which Talks about Itself in Code]]
| + | |
| - | *[[G's Existence Is What Causes TNT's Incompleteness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mumon Has the Last Word]]==
| + | |
| - | =[[PART II: EGB]]=
| + | |
| - | *[[Prelude...]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 10: LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION, AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Levels of Description]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Chunking and Chess Skill]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Similar Levels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Computer Systems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Instructions and Data]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Machine Language vs. Assembly language]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Programs That Translate Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Higher-Level Languages, Compilers, and Interpreters]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Bootstrapping]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Levels on Which to Describe Running Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Microprogramming and Operating Systems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Cushioning the User and Protecting the System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Are Computers Super-Flexible or Super-Rigid?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Second-Guessing the Programmer]]
| + | |
| - | *[[AI Advanced Are Language Advances]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Paranoid and the Operating System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Border between Software and Hardware]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Intermediate Levels and the Weather]]
| + | |
| - | *[[From Tornados to Quarks]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Superconductivity: A Paradox" of Renormalization"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Sealing-off]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Trade-off between Chunking and Determinism]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Computers Can Only Do What You Tell Them to Do]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Types of System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Epiphenomena]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mind vs. Brain]]
| + | |
| - | *[[...Ant Fugue]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 11: BRAINS AND THOUGHTS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[New Perspectives on Thought]] | + | |
| - | *[[Intensionality and Extensionality]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Brain's Ants]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Larger Structures in the Brain]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mappings between Brains]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Localization of Brain Processes: An Enigma]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Specificity in Visual Processing]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Grandmother Cell"?"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Funneling into Neural Modules]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Modules Which Mediate Thought Processes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Active Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Classes and Instances]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Prototype Principle]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Splitting-off of Instance from Classes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Difficulty of Disentangling Symbols from Each Other]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Symbols -- Software or Hardware?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Liftability of Intelligence]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Can One Symbol Be Isolated?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Symbols of Insects]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Class Symbols and Imaginary Worlds]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Intuitive Laws of Physics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Procedural and Declarative Knowledge]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Visual Imagery]]
| + | |
| - | *[[English French German Suite]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 12: MINDS AND THOUGHTS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Can Minds Be Mapped onto Each Other?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Comparing Different Semantic Networks]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Translations of Jabberwocky]]
| + | |
| - | *[[ASU's]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Surprise Reversal]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Centrality and Universality]]
| + | |
| - | *[[How Much Do Language and Culture Channel Thought?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Trips and Itineraries in ASU's]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Possible, Potential, and Preposterous Pathways]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Different Styles of Translating Novels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[High-Level Comparisons between Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[High-Level Comparisons between Brains]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Potential Beliefs, Potential Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Where is the Sense of Self?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Subsystems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Subsystems and Shared Code]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Self-Symbol and Consciousness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Our First Encounter with Lucas]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Aria with Diverse Variations]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 13: BlooP AND FlooP AND GlooP]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Self-Awareness and Chaos]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Representability and Refrigerators]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ganto's Ax in Metamathmatics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Finding Order by Choosing the Right Filter]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Primordial Steps of the Language BlooP]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Loops and Upper Bounds]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Conventions of BlooP]]
| + | |
| - | *[[IF-Statements and Branching]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Automatic Chunking]]
| + | |
| - | *[[BlooP Tests]]
| + | |
| - | *[[BlooP Programs Contain Chains of Procedures]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Suggested Exercises]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Expressibility and Representability]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Primitive Recursive Predicates Are Represented in TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Are There Functions Which Are Not Primitive Recursive?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Pool B, Index Numbers, and Blue Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Diagonal Method]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Cantor's Original Diagonal Argument]]
| + | |
| - | *[[What Does a Diagonal Argument Prove?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Insidious Repeatability of the Diagonal Argument]]
| + | |
| - | *[[From BlooP to FlooP]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Terminating and Nonterminating FlooP Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Turing's Trickery]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Termination Tester Would Be Magical]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Pool F, Index Numbers, and Green Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Termination Tester Gives Us Red Programs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[GlooP...]]
| + | |
| - | *[[...Is a Myth]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Church-Turing Thesis]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Terminology: General and Partial Recursive]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Power of TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Air on G's String]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 14: ON FORMALLY UNDECIDABLE PROPOSITIONS OF TNT AND RELATED SYSTEMS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[The Two Ideas of the Oyster]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The First Idea: Proof-Pairs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Proof-Pair-ness Is Primitive Recursive...]]
| + | |
| - | *[[...And Is Therefore Represented in TNT]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Power of Proof-Pairs]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Substitution Leads to the Second Idea]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Arithmoquining]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Last Straw]]
| + | |
| - | *[[TNT Says Uncle!]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Yields Nontheoremhood When Arithmoquined]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Gödel's Second Theorem]]
| + | |
| - | *[[TNT Is \\omega-Incomplete]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Different Ways to Plug Up the Hole]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Supernatural Numbers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Supernatural Theorems Have Infinitely Long Derivations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Supernatural Addition and Multiplication]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Supernaturals Are Useful...]]
| + | |
| - | *[[...But Are They Real?]] | + | |
| - | *[[Bifurcations in Geometry, and Physicists]] | + | |
| - | *[[Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Bankers]] | + | |
| - | *[[Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Metamathematicians]] | + | |
| - | *[[Hilbert's Tenth Problem and the Tortoise]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Birthday Cantatatata...]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 15: JUMPING OUT OF THE SYSTEM]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[A More Powerful Formal System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Gödel Method Reapplied]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Multifurcation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Essential Incompleteness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Passion According to Lucas]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Jumping Up a Dimension]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Limits of Intelligent Systems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[There Is No Recursive Rule for Naming Ordinals]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Other Refutations of Lucas]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Self-Transcendence -- A Modern Myth]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Advertisement and Framing Devices]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Simplicio, Salviati, Sagredo: Why Three?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Zen and Stepping Out]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Edifying Thoughts of a Tobacco Smoker]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 16: SELF-REF AND SELF-REP]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Implicitly and Explicitly Self-Referential Sentences]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Self-Reproducing Program]]
| + | |
| - | *[[What Is a Copy?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Self-Reproducing Song]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Epimenides Straddles the Channel]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Program That Prints Out Its Own Gödel Number]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Gödelian Self-Reference]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Self-Rep by Augmentation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Kimian Self-Rep]]
| + | |
| - | *[[What Is the Original?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Typogenetics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Strands, Bases, Enzymes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Copy Mode and Double Strands]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Amino Acids]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Translation and the Typogenetic Code]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tertiary Structure of Enzymes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Punctuation, Genes, and Ribosomes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Puzzle: A Typogenetical Self-Rep]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Central Dogma of Typogenetics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Strange Loops, TNT, and Real Genetics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[DNA and Nucleotides]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Messenger RNA and Ribosomes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Amino Acids]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ribosomes and Tape Recorders]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Genetic Code]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tertiary Structure]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Reductionistic Explanation of Protein Function]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Transfer RNA and Ribosomes]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Punctuation and the Reading Frame]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recap]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Levels of Structure and Meaning in Proteins and Music]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Polyribosomes and Two-Tiered Canons]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Which Came First -- The Ribosome or the Protein?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Protein Function]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Need for a Sufficiently Strong Support System]]
| + | |
| - | *[[How DNA Self-Replicates]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Comparison of DNA's Self-Rep Method with Quining]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Levels of Meaning of DNA]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Central Dogmap]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Strange Loops in the Central Dogmap]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Central Dogmap and the Contracrostipunctus]]
| + | |
| - | *[[E. Coli vs. T4]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Molecular Trojan Horse]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recognition, Disguises, Labeling]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Henkin Sentences and Viruses]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Implicit vs. Explicit Henkin Sentences]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Henkin Sentences and Self-Assembly]] | + | |
| - | *[[Two Outstanding Problems: Differentiation and Morphogenesis]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Feedback and Feedforward]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Repressors and Inducers]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Feedback and Strange Loops Compared]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Simple Examples of Differentiation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Level Mixing in the Cell]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Origin of Life]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Magnificrab, Indeed]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 17: CHURCH, TURING, TARSKI, AND OTHERS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Formal and Informal Systems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Intuition and the Magnificent Crab]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Church-Turing Thesis]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Public-Processes Version]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Srinivasa Ramanujan]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Idiots Savants]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Isomorphism Version of the Church-Turing Thesis]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Representation of Knowledge about the Real World]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Processes That Are Not So Skimmable]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Articles of Reductionistic Faith]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Partial Progress in AI and Brain Simulation?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Beauty, the Crab, and the Soul]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Irrational and Rational Can Coexist on Different Levels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[More Against Lucas]]
| + | |
| - | *[[An Underpinning of AI]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Church's Theorem]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tarski's Theorem]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Impossibility of the Magnificrab]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Two Types of Form]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Meaning Derives from Connections to Cognitive Structures]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Beauty, Truth, and Form]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Neural Substrate of the Epimenides Paradox]]
| + | |
| - | *[[SHRDLU, Toy of Man's Designing]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 18: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RETROSPECTS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Turing]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Turing Test]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Turing Anticipates Objections]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Parry Encounters the Doctor]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Brief History of AI]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Mechanical Translation]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Computer Chess]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Samuel's Checker Program]]
| + | |
| - | *[[When Is a Program Original?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Who Composes Computer Music?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Theorem Proving and Problem Reduction]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Shandy and the Bone]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Changing the Problem Space]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The I-Mode and the M-Mode Again]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Applying AI to Mathematics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Crux of AI: Representation of Knowledge]]
| + | |
| - | *[[DNA and Proteins Help Give Some Perspective]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Modularity of Knowledge]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Representing Knowledge in a Logical Formalism]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Deductive vs. Analogical Awareness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[From Computer Haiku to an RTN-Grammar]]
| + | |
| - | *[[From RTN's to ATN's]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Little Turing Test]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Images of What Thought Is]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Higher-Level Grammars...]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Grammars for Music?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Winograd's Program SHRDLU]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Structure of SHRDLU]]
| + | |
| - | *[[PLANNER Facilitates Problem Reduction]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Syntax and Semantics]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Contrafactus]] | + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 19: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PROSPECTS]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Almost" Situations and Subjunctives"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Layers of Stability]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Frames and Nested Contexts]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Bongard Problems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Preprocessing Selects a Mini-Vocabulary]]
| + | |
| - | *[[High-Level Descriptions]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Templates and Sameness-Detectors]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Heterarchical Program]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Concept Network]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Slippage and Tentativity]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Meta-Descriptions]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Flexibility is Important]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Focusing and Filtering]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Science and the World of Bongard Problems]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Connections to Other Types of Thought]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Message-Passing Languages, Frames, and Symbols]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Enzymes and AI]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Fission and Fusion]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Epigenesis of the Crab Canon]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Conceptual Skeletons and Conceptual Mapping]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recombinant Ideas]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Abstractions, Skeletons, Analogies]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Multiple Representations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ports of Access]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Forced Matching]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Recap]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Creativity and Randomness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Picking up Patterns on All Levels]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Flexibility of Language]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Intelligence and Emotions]]
| + | |
| - | *[[AI Has Far to Go]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ten Questions and Speculations]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Sloth Canon]]
| + | |
| - | ==[[CHAPTER 20: STRANGE LOOPS, OR TANGLED HIERARCHIES]]==
| + | |
| - | *[[Can Machines Possess Originality?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Below Every Tangled Hierarchy Lies An Inviolate Level]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Self-Modifying Game]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Authorship Triangle Again]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Escher's Drawing Hands]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Brain and Mind: A Neural Tangle Supporting a Symbol Tangle]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Strange Loops in Government]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Tangles Involving Science and the Occult]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Nature of Evidence]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Seeing Oneself]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Gödel's Theorem and Other Disciplines]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Introspection and Insanity: A Gödelian Problem]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Can We Understand Our Own Minds or Brains?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Gödel's Theorem and Personal Nonexistence]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Science and Dualism]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Symbol vs. Object in Modern Music and Art]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Magritte's Semantic Illusions]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Code" of Modern Art"]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Ism Once Again]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Understanding the Mind]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Accidental Inexplicability of Intelligence?]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Undecidability Is Inseparable from a High-Level Viewpoint]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Consciousness as an Intrinsically High-Level Phenomenon]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Strange Loops as the Crux of Consciousness]]
| + | |
| - | *[[The Self-Symbol and Free Will]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Gödel Vortex Where All Levels Cross]]
| + | |
| - | *[[An Escher Vortex Where All Levels Cross]]
| + | |
| - | *[[A Bach Vortex Where All Levels Cross]]
| + | |
| - | *[[Six-Part Ricercar]]
| + | |
