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Bank of America has reported a $2bn (�1.2bn) profit for the three months to the end of 2011, compared with a $1.2bn loss in the same period in 2010.
It signals continued recovery for the US' second biggest lender.
For the full year, the company reported net profits of $1.4bn compared with a net loss of $2.2bn in 2010.
Meanwhile Morgan Stanley, the world's largest broker, reported a fourth-quarter loss of $250m compared with a profit of $836m a year earlier.
Despite the loss, the results at Morgan Stanley beat analysts' expectations since it was able to increase its share of the equity trading market in the period.
For the full year, Morgan Stanley said its net revenues were $32.4bn compared with $31.4bn in 2010.
Recent results from American banks have been mixed with Goldman Sachs announcing on Wednesday that it made 47% less in profits than in 2010 whilst Citigroup posted a 6% rise on the previous year.
Bank of America chief executive Brian Moynihan said: "We enter 2012 stronger and more efficient after two years of simplifying and streamlining our company."
"Reflecting a gradually improving economy," continued Mr Moynihan, "we saw solid business activity by companies of all sizes, with commercial and industrial loan balances rising."
Bank of America was one of the worst performers on Dow Jones Industrial Average index of leading companies in 2011, losing 58% of its share value over the year.
The lender has been hit by lingering concerns about bad mortgage loans on its books in the wake of the 2008 sub-prime crisis when it was bailed out by the US government.
The bank has been building up its reserves, known as Tier 1 capital, to protect itself against the risk of further bad loans.
"Our fourth-quarter results reflect the aggressive steps we have been taking to strengthen the balance sheet and position the company for long-term growth," said chief financial officer Bruce Thompson in a statement.
"During the quarter, we significantly increased capital and liquidity. For 2012, our focus is to continue to build capital and liquidity and manage expenses."
www.chaussuresjordanesoldes.com synapses
Science Daily reported on December 9th, a united team that discovered the virtue,louboutin, the brain has a molecule can not only connect brain cells, but also to change the way people learn.The study by the United States National Institute for health and a charitable organization, research published in the December 9th issue of the journal "neurons", help researchers find improve memory method, and used for the treatment of take leave of one's senses.
Connections among brain cells called synapses, can let the nerve impulses through,abercrombie paris, synapses in the regulation of human learning, memory and thinking critical.If the synapses in the structure and function of the deviation,air jordan, brain could result in delayed and autism,, and dementia,air jordan, synapses, with age and become less.
However, scientists on the synapses in the living brain to form is not too clear.When people are learning new synapse formation and synaptic connection strength, will be in the learning process with the receiving different stimuli lead to population changes,sac longchamp pas cher, this is what scientists call the "plasticity".
Yale University and German Max Planck Institute of neurobiology is a common cooperation, confirmed a service called SynCAM1 molecules, can cross the synaptic connection point and control of synaptic plasticity,louboutin.
The paper mainly author, molecular biophysics and biochemistry, Yale University associate professor Thomas Beidler said: "we started to assume that such molecules during brain development can promote the formation of new synapses, but the study found,chaussure jordan, it to maintain synaptic structure and function also has the effect of,franklin marshall.
Now, we have identified these molecules is how to support brain function self contact."SynCAM1 is a kind of adhesive molecules, like glue like help synaptic connection together,sac longchamp pas cher.Researchers have found in the experiment, when the mouse SynCAM1 gene is activated, more synaptic connections may form,louboutin, and no SynCAM1 resulting in brain of mice formed synaptic less.
The brain SynCAM1 content is too high, the mouse can not learn,air jordan pas cher.This shows,abercrombie, too much SynCAM1 will impair learning ability.The findings also support a recent theory, the theory that people in the process of learning and memory, too many connection is not always better,jordan pas cher, synaptic activity balance is the best.
The German team leader Valentin Sten said: "people may think, the more the number of synapses, animal handling or storage of information ability is stronger,jordan.But on the contrary, these animal learning capability is very poor,sac longchamp.
Behavioral tests show, mice without SynCAM1 learn faster and remember better."The Yale team Beidler explained,abercrombie paris, the synapse is the changing structure.The synaptic connections with SynCAM1 molecules, which function like a sculptor, the synaptic plasticity into various shapes.
Although it can strengthen the connections between neurons,louboutin pas cher, but if too much, will attenuate synaptic connections,louboutin pas cher, inhibiting its function.In mouse and human, the molecules are almost the same, so it is possible that they are in the human brain,burberry, but also the same.
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