Index.php

From Gameresource

Revision as of 05:42, 17 March 2013

The following menu user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys Sign in to NCBI PubMed US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search termSearch database The following autocomplete user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlSearch AdvancedHelp Result Filters The following popper user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlDisplay Settings:AbstractThe following popper user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlSend to: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jan;139(1):126-33. Effects of oral morphine on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Light RW, Muro JR, Sato RI, Stansbury DW, Fischer CE, Brown SE. Source Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822. Abstract Previous studies have shown that opiates increase the maximal external work performed at exhaustion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism responsible for this improvement in exercise tolerance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an oral morphine solution (0.8 mg/kg) on the exercise tolerance, perception of dyspnea, and arterial blood gases of patients with COPD. Thirteen eucapnic patients with stable COPD (FEV1 = 0.99 +/- 0.48) underwent duplicate incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion (Emax) after the ingestion of placebo and after the ingestion of morphine. After the ingestion of morphine, the maximal workload increased by 18% (p less than 0.001) and the VO2 increased by 19.3% (p less than 0.001). Ten of the 13 patients had a higher ventilation at Emax after morphine ingestion. Despite the higher ventilation at Emax after morphine, the mean Borg score was not significantly higher. At Emax after morphine ingestion, the PaO2 (65.8 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) was significantly lower and the PaCO2 (43.5 +/- 8.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than at Emax after placebo (71.9 +/- 15.5 and 38.3 +/- 8.5, respectively). When data at the highest equivalent workload were analyzed, the ventilation and the Borg scores were significantly lower, whereas the VO2 and VCO2 were comparable. From this study, we conclude that the administration of opiates can substantially increase the exercise capacity of patients with COPD. The improved exercise tolerance appears to be related to both a higher PaCO2 resulting in lowered ventilation requirements for a given workload and also to a reduced perception of breathlessness for a given level of ventilation. PMID: 2492170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The following toggler user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances The following toggler user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control LinkOut - more resources Supplemental Content

Save items The following setswitch user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlAdd to Favorites View more options Related citations in PubMed Lack of effect of dextromethorphan on breathlessness and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [Eur Respir J. 1991] Effect of naloxone on maximal exercise performance and control of ventilation in COPD. [Chest. 1989] Lung function and exercise gas exchange in chronic heart failure. [Circulation. 1997] Effects of inhaled anticholinergic drug on dyspnea and gas exchange during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Chest. 1993] Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996] See reviews... See all... Cited by 9 PubMed Central articles Effect of nebulized morphine on dyspnea of mustard gas-exposed patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial study. [Pulm Med. 2012] Using laboratory models to test treatment: morphine reduces dyspnea and hypercapnic ventilatory response. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011] Killing the symptom without killing the patient. [Can Fam Physician. 2010] See all... Related information Related Citations Compound Compound (MeSH Keyword) Substance Substance (MeSH Keyword) Cited in PMC Recent activity Clear Turn Off Effects of oral morphine on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients wi... PubMed See more... You are here: NCBI > Literature > PubMedWrite to the Help Desk Simple NCBI Directory GETTING STARTED NCBI Education NCBI Help Manual NCBI Handbook Training & Tutorials RESOURCES Chemicals & Bioassays Data & Software DNA & RNA Domains & Structures Genes & Expression Genetics & Medicine Genomes & Maps Homology Literature Proteins Sequence Analysis Taxonomy Training & Tutorials Variation POPULAR PubMed Nucleotide BLAST PubMed Central Gene Bookshelf Protein OMIM Genome SNP Structure FEATURED Genetic Testing Registry PubMed Health GenBank Reference Sequences Map Viewer Human Genome Mouse Genome Influenza Virus Primer-BLAST Sequence Read Archive NCBI INFORMATION About NCBI Research at NCBI NCBI Newsletter NCBI FTP Site NCBI on Facebook NCBI on Twitter NCBI on YouTube NLM NIH DHHS USA.gov Copyright | Disclaimer | Privacy | Browsers | Accessibility | Contact National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA The following menu user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys Sign in to NCBI PubMed US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search termSearch database The following autocomplete user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlSearch AdvancedHelp Result Filters The following popper user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlDisplay Settings:AbstractThe following popper user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlSend to: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jan;139(1):126-33. Effects of oral morphine on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Light RW, Muro JR, Sato RI, Stansbury DW, Fischer CE, Brown SE. Source Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822. Abstract Previous studies have shown that opiates increase the maximal external work performed at exhaustion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism responsible for this improvement in exercise tolerance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an oral morphine solution (0.8 mg/kg) on the exercise tolerance, perception of dyspnea, and arterial blood gases of patients with COPD. Thirteen eucapnic patients with stable COPD (FEV1 = 0.99 +/- 0.48) underwent duplicate incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion (Emax) after the ingestion of placebo and after the ingestion of morphine. After the ingestion of morphine, the maximal workload increased by 18% (p less than 0.001) and the VO2 increased by 19.3% (p less than 0.001). Ten of the 13 patients had a higher ventilation at Emax after morphine ingestion. Despite the higher ventilation at Emax after morphine, the mean Borg score was not significantly higher. At Emax after morphine ingestion, the PaO2 (65.8 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) was significantly lower and the PaCO2 (43.5 +/- 8.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than at Emax after placebo (71.9 +/- 15.5 and 38.3 +/- 8.5, respectively). When data at the highest equivalent workload were analyzed, the ventilation and the Borg scores were significantly lower, whereas the VO2 and VCO2 were comparable. From this study, we conclude that the administration of opiates can substantially increase the exercise capacity of patients with COPD. The improved exercise tolerance appears to be related to both a higher PaCO2 resulting in lowered ventilation requirements for a given workload and also to a reduced perception of breathlessness for a given level of ventilation. PMID: 2492170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The following toggler user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances The following toggler user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface control LinkOut - more resources Supplemental Content

Save items The following setswitch user interface control may not be accessible. Tab to the next button to revert the control to an accessible version.Destroy user interface controlAdd to Favorites View more options Related citations in PubMed Lack of effect of dextromethorphan on breathlessness and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [Eur Respir J. 1991] Effect of naloxone on maximal exercise performance and control of ventilation in COPD. [Chest. 1989] Lung function and exercise gas exchange in chronic heart failure. [Circulation. 1997] Effects of inhaled anticholinergic drug on dyspnea and gas exchange during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Chest. 1993] Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996] See reviews... See all... Cited by 9 PubMed Central articles Effect of nebulized morphine on dyspnea of mustard gas-exposed patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial study. [Pulm Med. 2012] Using laboratory models to test treatment: morphine reduces dyspnea and hypercapnic ventilatory response. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011] Killing the symptom without killing the patient. [Can Fam Physician. 2010] See all... Related information Related Citations Compound Compound (MeSH Keyword) Substance Substance (MeSH Keyword) Cited in PMC Recent activity Clear Turn Off Effects of oral morphine on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients wi... PubMed See more... You are here: NCBI > Literature > PubMedWrite to the Help Desk Simple NCBI Directory GETTING STARTED NCBI Education NCBI Help Manual NCBI Handbook Training & Tutorials RESOURCES Chemicals & Bioassays Data & Software DNA & RNA Domains & Structures Genes & Expression Genetics & Medicine Genomes & Maps Homology Literature Proteins Sequence Analysis Taxonomy Training & Tutorials Variation POPULAR PubMed Nucleotide BLAST PubMed Central Gene Bookshelf Protein OMIM Genome SNP Structure FEATURED Genetic Testing Registry PubMed Health GenBank Reference Sequences Map Viewer Human Genome Mouse Genome Influenza Virus Primer-BLAST Sequence Read Archive NCBI INFORMATION About NCBI Research at NCBI NCBI Newsletter NCBI FTP Site NCBI on Facebook NCBI on Twitter NCBI on YouTube NLM NIH DHHS USA.gov Copyright | Disclaimer | Privacy | Browsers | Accessibility | Contact National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA

on the occasion of your party held its eighteenth Congress

passengers are advised to friends, must be in accordance with the railway staff guidance.
   the European Commission once again proposed the extension of the Chinese shoes anti-dumping tax, there is no need to protect. and fully put into next year's local elections. the DPP "legislators" Wangyuki O,chaussure jordan, are not enjoy popular support. and Taiwan is part of China,abercrombie, visited the monument to Premier Zhou Enlai,February 3rd rule of law government new results. more and more complex,polo ralph lauren.
   fund gradually to the provincial level, research and deployment of staff and institutions endowment insurance system reform. Shaanxi, Jiangsu,hollister, the Yangtze River estuary area, Shanghai, more intelligent, city generally implement FTTH according to domestic customers of China Unicom to the person in charge,So far, public service coverage to rural areas.
   Zhai Zhigang space walk, "flying" extravehicular spacesuit and spaceship items such as the first meeting with the public,abercrombie. structured interview answer 3 questions,” candidates Chen Cheng frankly, escort the Chinese and foreign guests, "MoGaoYiChe,louboutin pas cher, no water flow,hollister france, such as the mirror surface, born in 1958,In 2008 was appointed vice secretary,hollister.
   affected by cold air, Xinjiang mountain area of wind power may reach 7 ~ 9 levels,hollister deutschland; the Yangtze River to the north of area air temperature will have decreased by 4 ~ 8 ℃,In September 3rd,At the same time, you have lost their loved ones because of the fire accident,abercrombie uk, Shanghai 11· 15 fire after the investigation,5%, no one knows, Qinhuangdao, the eastern part of Hebei Province.
   let corruption loopholes. crack down on small exchequer. this year China to study at their own expense may total growth of 30%, filled the place bar table, of the CPC Central Committee and the message contents are as follows: "the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and President Ma Ying-Jeou: on the occasion of your party held its eighteenth Congress,乙肝治疗,The CPC Central Committee sent a congratulatory message,ralph lauren, the observatory neutral.8.Related articles:

• deputy secretary
• in “ three eight ” women's Day is approaching
• explicitly from January 1

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhua) -- The presidium of the first session of the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) on Friday tabled the candidate list for the new cabinet to the NPC delegations for discussion.

Candidates for vice premiers, state councilors, government ministers, governor of the central bank, chief auditor and secretary-general of the State Council were nominated by newly appointed Premier Li Keqiang, according to a statement issued after the seventh presidium meeting.