Pronuncia

From Gallese

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==Letter names and sound values==
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"N" and "S" represent the variants in the northern and southern dialects of Welsh.
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:{| class="wikitable"
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! Letter
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! Name
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! Corresponding sounds
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! English approximation
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|-
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| a
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| ''{{lang|cy|â}}''
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| {{IPA|/a, ɑː/}}
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| c'''a'''t (short) / f'''a'''ther (long)
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|-
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| b
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| ''{{lang|cy|bî}}''
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| {{IPA|/b/}}
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| '''b'''at
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|-
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| c
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| ''{{lang|cy|èc}}''
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| {{IPA|/k/}}
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| '''c'''ase
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|-
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| ch
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| ''{{lang|cy|èch}}''
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| {{IPA|/x/}}
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| lo'''ch''' (Scottish)
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|-
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| d<ref group=* name=si>The sequence ''si'' indicates {{IPA|/ʃ/}} when followed by a vowel; similarly, ''di'' and ''ti'' sometimes indicate {{IPA|/dʒ/}} and {{IPA|/tʃ/}} respectively when followed by a vowel, although these sounds are spelled ''j'' and ''ts'' in loanwords like ''{{lang|cy|jẁg}}'' "jug" and ''{{lang|cy|wats}}'' "watch".</ref>
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| ''{{lang|cy|dî}}''
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| {{IPA|/d/}}
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| '''d'''ay
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|-
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| dd
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| ''{{lang|cy|èdd}}''
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| {{IPA|/ð/}}
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| '''th'''is
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|-
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| e
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| ''{{lang|cy|ê}}''
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| {{IPA|/ɛ, eː/}}
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| b'''e'''d (short) / closest to h'''e'''y (long)
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|-
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| f
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| ''{{lang|cy|èf}}''
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| {{IPA|/v/}}
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| '''v'''at
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|-
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| ff
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| ''{{lang|cy|èff}}''
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| {{IPA|/f/}}
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| '''f'''our
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|-
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| g
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| ''{{lang|cy|èg}}''
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| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
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| '''g'''ate
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|-
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| ng
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| ''{{lang|cy|èng}}''
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| {{IPA|/ŋ/}}
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| thi'''ng'''
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|-
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| h<ref group=*>In addition to representing the phoneme {{IPA|/h/}}, ''h'' indicates [[Voice (phonetics)|voicelessness]] in the [[grapheme]]s ''mh, nh,'' and ''ngh''. The digraph ''ph'' – which indicates the [[Welsh morphology|aspirate mutation]] of ''p''  (e.g. ''ei phen-ôl'') – may also be found very occasionally in words derived from [[Greek language|Greek]] (e.g. ''{{lang|cy|phenol}}''), although most words of Greek origin are spelt with ''ff'' (e.g. ''{{lang|cy|ffotograff}}'').</ref>
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| ''{{lang|cy|âets}}'', ''{{lang|cy|hâ}}''
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| {{IPA|/h/}}
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| '''h'''at
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|-
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| i
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| ''{{lang|cy|î}}'' (N), ''{{lang|cy|î dot}}'' (S)
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| {{IPA|/ɪ, iː, j/}}
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| b'''i'''t (short) / mach'''i'''ne (long) / '''y'''es (as consonant; before vowels)
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|-
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| l
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| ''{{lang|cy|èl}}''
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| {{IPA|/l/}}
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| '''l'''ad
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|-
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| ll
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| ''{{lang|cy|ell}}''
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| {{IPA|/ɬ/}}
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| not present in English; a [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]]
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|-
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| m
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| ''{{lang|cy|èm}}''
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| {{IPA|/m/}}
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| '''m'''at
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|-
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| n
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| ''{{lang|cy|en}}''
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| {{IPA|/n/}}
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| '''n'''et
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|-
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| o
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| ''{{lang|cy|ô}}''
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| {{IPA|/ɔ, oː/}}
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| Short, like "b'''o'''g" in RP; long like st'''o'''ve in [[Scottish English]], [[North Central American English]] and [[West/Central Canadian English]]
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|-
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| p
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| ''{{lang|cy|pî}}''
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| {{IPA|/p/}}
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| '''p'''et
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|-
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| ph
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| ''{{lang|cy|ffî}}''
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| {{IPA|/f/}}
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| '''ph'''one
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|-
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| r
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| ''{{lang|cy|èr}}''
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| {{IPA|/r/}}
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| '''r'''at (trilled)
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|-
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| rh
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| ''{{lang|cy|rhî}}'', ''{{lang|cy|rhô}}''
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| {{IPA|/r̥/}}
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| p'''r'''ay (trilled): an unvoiced {{IPA|[r]}}
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|-
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| s<ref group=* name=si />
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| ''{{lang|cy|ès}}''
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| {{IPA|/s/}}
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| '''s'''at
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|-
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| t<ref group=* name=si />
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| ''{{lang|cy|tî}}''
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| {{IPA|/t/}}
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| '''t'''an
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|-
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| th
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| ''{{lang|cy|èth}}''
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| {{IPA|/θ/}}
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| '''th'''in
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|-
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| u
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| ''{{lang|cy|û}}'' (N), ''{{lang|cy|û bedol}}'' (S)
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| {{IPA|/ɨ̞, ɨː/}} (N), {{IPA|/ɪ, iː/}} (S)
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| for Southern variants: b'''i'''t (short) / mach'''i'''ne (long); {{IPA|/ɨ̞, ɨː/}} not found in English.
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|-
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| w
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| ''{{lang|cy|ŵ}}''
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| {{IPA|/ʊ, uː, w/}}
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| b'''oo'''k (short) / p'''oo'''l (long) / '''w'''et (as consonant)
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|-
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| y<ref group=*>The vowel letter ''y'' indicates {{IPA|/ə/}} in unstressed monosyllabic words (e.g. ''{{lang|cy|y}}'' "the", ''{{lang|cy|fy}}'' "my") or non-final syllables (regardless of whether these are stressed or not), but {{IPA|/ɨ̞, ɨː/}} (N) or {{IPA|/ɪ, iː/}} (S) in word-final syllables (again, regardless of stress).</ref>
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| ''{{lang|cy|ŷ}}''
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| {{IPA|/ɨ̞, ɨː, ə/}} (N)<br>{{IPA|/ɪ, iː, ə, əː/}} (S)
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| for Southern variants: b'''i'''t (final syllable, short) / mach'''i'''ne (final syllable, long) <br> ab'''o'''ve (other places, short) / ros'''e'''s {{IPA|/ɨ̞, ɨː/}}, found in certain dialects of English that differentiate "Rosa's" and "roses", for example, General American.
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|}
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;Notes
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<references group=* />
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===Diphthongs===
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:{| class="wikitable"
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! Orthography
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! Northern dialects
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! Southern dialects
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! English (approximation only)
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|-
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| ae
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| {{IPA|/ɑːɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/ai/}}
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| '''eye'''
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|-
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| ai
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| {{IPA|/ai/}}
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| {{IPA|/ai/}}
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| '''eye'''
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|-
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| au
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| {{IPA|/aɨ/}} ''but as plural ending'' {{IPA|/a/}}
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| {{IPA|/ai/}} ''but as plural ending'' {{IPA|/e/}}
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| '''eye''' / b'''e'''t (plural ending)
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|-
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| aw
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| {{IPA|/au, ɑːu/}}
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| {{IPA|/au/}}
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| h'''ow'''
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|-
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| ei
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| {{IPA|/əi/}}
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| {{IPA|/əi/}}
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| Like "wr'''i'''te" in [[Canadian English]]
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|-
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| eu
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| {{IPA|/əɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/əi/}}
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| Like "wr'''i'''te" in [[Canadian English]]
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|-
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| ew
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| {{IPA|/ɛu, eːu/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɛu/}}
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| not present in English; closest to 'e-oo' (short e)
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|-
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| ey
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| {{IPA|/əɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/əi/}}
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| Like "wr'''i'''te" in [[Canadian English]]
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|-
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| iw
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| {{IPA|/ɪu/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɪu/}}
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| not present in English except in the interjection ''Ew!''; closest to 'i-oo' (short i)
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|-
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| oe
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| {{IPA|/ɔɨ, ɔːɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɔi/}}
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| b'''oy'''
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|-
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| oi
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| {{IPA|/ɔi/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɔi/}}
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| b'''oy'''
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|-
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| ou
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| {{IPA|/ɔɨ, ɔːɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɔi/}}
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| b'''oy'''
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|-
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| uw
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| {{IPA|/ɨu/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɪu/}}
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| not present in English; closest to 'i-oo' (short i)
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|-
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| wy
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| {{IPA|/ʊɨ, uːɨ/}}
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| {{IPA|/ʊi/}}
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| not present in English; closest to g'''ooey'''
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|-
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| yw
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| {{IPA|/ɨu, əu/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɪu, əu/}}
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| {{IPA|/ɪu/}} not present in English; closest to 'i-oo' (short i)<br />{{IPA|/əu/}} like "g'''oa'''t" in [[Received Pronunciation]] or like "h'''ou'''se" in [[Canadian English]]
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|}
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Revision as of 19:40, 20 August 2011

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