Atario
From Confederacy
Atario is the language spoken by the citizens of the Shalman Empire. It is also the universal language of the planet of Andromeda, alongside Greek.
Atario grammar is basically based on Modern Greek. Whereas in English there is a certain word order in a sentense, in Atario (and thus in Greek) there is no word order. For example:
English: I went to Ylmeria yesterday.
Atario:
1) �ltiri Ylmêria'egg �tat (I went to Ylmeria yesterday)
2) �ltiri �tat Ylmêria'egg (I went yesterday to Ylmeria)
3) Ylmêria'egg �ltiri �tat (To Ylmeria I went yyesterday)
Ylmêria'egg= to Ylmeria
�ltiri= I went
�tat= yesterday
Wusha = can, fa = you, wuvona = speak.
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Geographic distribution
Zevino'shoma is spoken over much of the planet Vinawasho, and is an official language of all but two of the shimafugo'ti, Shimafugo Jorishuga, and Shimafugo Khoritora. Zevino'shoma, along with its relative Belakho'shoma, are the 2 official languages of Vinawasho.
Sounds
Zevino'shoma has 21 different sounds, 20 of which are used in "native" words, the 21st being found normally only in loanwords. Stress in Zevino'shoma falls on the first syllable.
Vowels
| IPA chart for Zevino'shoma vowels |
|---|
| File:Zevinoshoma vowels.PNG |
There are 5 vowels in Zevino'shoma; a, e, i, o, and u.
| IPA | Name | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Unicode | Open back unrounded vowel | Gato | Template:Unicode | Hello |
| Template:Unicode | Open-mid front unrounded vowel | Lesha | Template:Unicode | Leech |
| Template:Unicode | Near-close near-front unrounded vowel | Belanushi | Template:Unicode | Planet |
| Template:Unicode | Close-mid back rounded vowel | Goza | Template:Unicode | The |
| Template:Unicode | Close back rounded vowel | Wuvona | Template:Unicode | To speak |
Consonants
Zevino'shoma includes the following consonants: b, f, g, j, k, l, m, n, r, sh, t, v, w, z, with kh appearing in loanwords. Zevino'shoma aslo inlcudes the glottal stop, which has no written letter, and appears only between two consonants (not sh or kh). In the chart, IPA is shown with the corresponding letter in parenthesis.
| - | bilabial | labio-dental | alveolar | post-alveolar | velar | glottal |
| plosive | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | ||
| nasal | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | ||||
| fricative | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | Template:Unicode | |||
| affricate | Template:Unicode | |||||
| approximant | Template:Unicode | |||||
| lateral approximant | Template:Unicode |
| labial-velar | |
|---|---|
| approximant | Template:Unicode |
Note: /x/ is usually only found in loanwords.
Syllable formation
Each syllable is nearly always CV, with Kh and Sh acting as one consonant. CVC as a single syllable may be formed, but they are very rare. Once such example is "wuzekke" (pronounced Template:Unicode), meaning "to cost (money)". Double consonants formed by this include the glottal stop between them.
Grammar
Zevino'shoma is an agglutinative language, and has an abundance of suffixes, but no prefixes. One word can have many suffixes, which can either show number or possession, describe the root word, change a verb to a noun or a noun to a verb, or create new words, and in some cases, form a sentence with one word.
Examples: (Note: ' is considered a letter)
Zevino'shoma English Lonirishi Car Lonirishi'zitabuki Big car Wushawave To fly Wushawave'she Flying Lonirishi'wushawave'she Flying car Lonirishi'wushawave'she'ti Flying cars Lonirishi'bori To drive Lemuzabe Judge Lemuzabe'jata Judge's � Merukata Room Merukata'lemuzabe Courtroom Wuruzasho To Meet Wuruzasho'laja Meeting Wuruzasho'ganakatako. A Person who runs a meeting. Merukata'wuruzasho'laja Meeting room Merukata'wuruzasho'ganakatako. A room where people run meetings. Merukata'wuruzasho'ganakatako'ti. Rooms where people run meetings at.
Nouns
Zevino'shoma has 3 genders (masculine, neutral, and feminine) and 2 numbers (singular and plural), for a total of 6 different noun forms. Nouns with the root word ending in 'a', 'e', or 'o' are neutral gendered, 'i' feminine, and 'u' masculine, with 'ti' marking the plural form in all genders. Of the 3 endings for the neutral gender, 'a' is the most common.
Zevino'shoma English Case Womajorisha Circle Neutral singular Lemuzabe Judge Neutral singular Torunavo Military Neutral singular Lesha'ti Leeches Neutral plural Lemashushate'ti Presidents Neutral plural Lemushako'ti Cities Neutral plural Belanushi Planet Feminine singular Vashameki'ti Computers Feminine plural Zevakalushu Lord Masculine singular Mefuratu'ti Bricks Masculine plural
Verbs
One notable feature of Zevino'shoma verbs is that they all begin with 'wu', the only exceptions being verbs formed from nouns such as "lonirishi'bori", "to drive". Zevino'shoma verbs have 3 tenses (past, present, future) and 4 aspects (simple, continuous, perfect, continuous perfect). The present tense and simple aspect are the default for unmarked verbs.
Zevino'shoma Tense or Aspect she Continuous aspect zako Perfect aspect she'zako Continuous perfect aspect zako'she Continuous perfect aspect go Future tense li Past tense
Sample Verb inflection: (note: all the aspect and tense markers can go in any order)
Zevino'shoma English Form Wutoshushiba To go Infinitive Wutoshushiba ba I go Present simple Wutoshushiba'li ba I went Past simple Wutoshushiba'go ba I will go Future simple Wutoshushiba'she ba I am going Present continuous Wutoshushiba'she'li ba I was going Past continuous Wutoshushiba'she'go ba I will be going Future continuous Wutoshushiba'zako ba I have gone Present perfect Wutoshushiba'zako'li ba I had gone Past perfect Wutoshushiba'zako'go ba I will have gone Future perfect Wutoshushiba'zako'she ba I have been going Present perfect continuous Wutoshushiba'zako'she'li ba I had been going Past perfect continuous Wutoshushiba'zako'she'go ba I will have been going Future perfect continuous
Adjectives and Adverbs
Zevino'shoma makes no distinction between adjectives and adverbs in most cases, and the same word may be used as both. Adjectives and adverbs are attached to the word they modify, and do not have to match in gender or number.
Examples:
Zevino'shoma English Shoma Language Liratamora Secret Shoma'liratamora Secret language Wubomabi To journey Wubomabi'liratamora To journey secretly
Adpositions
Zevino'shoma adpositions follow their object (postposition, as opposed to English prepositions, which precede their object), and have to match it in both gender and number.
Examples:
Zevino'shoma English Wa In Womajorisha Circle Womajorisha wa In a circle Letulakasha Province Letulakasha'ti wa'ti In some provinces Vanagi Land Vanagi wi In a land Lonirishi Car Lonirishi'ti wi'ti In some cars Veshashoshashu Heaven Veshashoshashu wu In heaven Menitolafu Mansion Menitolafu'ti wu'ti In some mansions
Word Order
Word order in Zevino'shoma is object-verb-subject, and is largely left-branching except with adjectives and adverbs in most cases. This can be seen in the following sentence:
Goza jago'losheriga kukaba wukubumu wushogabutu'barogakaretila wushuzavogo'go fa.
Zevino'shoma English Goza The Jago Game Losheriga New Kukaba Into Wukubumu To enter Wushogabutu To think barogakaretila Thoroughly Wushuzavogo'go Will need Fa You
Which translates as:
You will need to think thoroughly to enter into the new game.
Vocabulary
Zevino'shoma commonly forms new words by attaching different words together, in addition to what has already been described with adding adjectives and adverbs.
Zevino'shoma English Wikali Arch Womajorisha Circle Wikali'womajorisha Dome Lego Near Womajorisha'lego Ellipse, Oval Veshashushosha Space Fetazuvi Stone Fetazuvi'veshashushosha Meteorite
Some other words are formed by taking two words and forming them into a single word, without a joining ' in them. The word order is opposite the normal order, to avoid confusion between the newly formed word, and the word formed by a normal compounding of the 2. The most common place where you can see this is in the names of the elements.
Zevino'shoma English Togota Water Beru Gas Togotaberu Hydrogen Beru'togota Steam, Water vapor Veshashu Air Veshashuberu Nitrogen Veshaberu Neon Beru'veshashu Atmosphere Veshashushosha Space Veshashushoshaberu Helium Beru'veshashushosha Nebula
