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If <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m> are linearly independent vectors and <m>V</m> is a linear subspace consisting solely of <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m> and all their linear combinations then we call <m>B = lbrace v_1,cdots,v_n rbrace</m> a basis of <m>V</m>. Any vector <m>v in V</m> is then uniquely expressible as a linear combination of <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m>. If <m>v=c_1*v_1,cdots,c_n*v_n</m> denote its representation in <m>B</m> by <m>delim{[}{v}{]}_B=(c_1,cdots,c_n)</m>. All bases of <m>V</m> have the same number of vectors. We call that number <m>dim(V)</m>. The vectors <m>e_1=(1,0,0,cdots,0), e_2=(0,1,0,cdots,0), cdots, e_n=(0,0,0,cdots,1)</m> make up a standard basis of <m>bbR^n</m>. | If <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m> are linearly independent vectors and <m>V</m> is a linear subspace consisting solely of <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m> and all their linear combinations then we call <m>B = lbrace v_1,cdots,v_n rbrace</m> a basis of <m>V</m>. Any vector <m>v in V</m> is then uniquely expressible as a linear combination of <m>v_1,cdots,v_n</m>. If <m>v=c_1*v_1,cdots,c_n*v_n</m> denote its representation in <m>B</m> by <m>delim{[}{v}{]}_B=(c_1,cdots,c_n)</m>. All bases of <m>V</m> have the same number of vectors. We call that number <m>dim(V)</m>. The vectors <m>e_1=(1,0,0,cdots,0), e_2=(0,1,0,cdots,0), cdots, e_n=(0,0,0,cdots,1)</m> make up a standard basis of <m>bbR^n</m>. | ||
- | '''4. Linear transformations | + | '''4. Linear transformations''' |
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<m>T: bbR^n right bbR^m</m> is called a linear transformation if for any two vectors <m>v_1,v_2 in bbR^n</m> and scalars <m>c_1, c_2 in bbR</m>, <m>T(c_1*v_1+c_2*v_2) = c_1*T(v_1)+c_2*T(v_2)</m>. Given a basis <m>B</m> of <m>bbR^n</m> and <m>B prime</m> of <m>bbR^m</m> then a linear transform T can be expressed go from <m>B</m> to <m>B prime</m> as <m>delim{[}{T}{]}_{B,B prime} = delim{[}{delim{[}{T(v_1)}{]}_{B prime},cdots,delim{[}{T(v_n)}{]}_{B prime}}{]}</m>. In general <m>delim{[}{Id}{]}_{B,B} = I_n</m> but <m>delim{[}{Id}{]}_{B,B prime} <> I_n</m> | <m>T: bbR^n right bbR^m</m> is called a linear transformation if for any two vectors <m>v_1,v_2 in bbR^n</m> and scalars <m>c_1, c_2 in bbR</m>, <m>T(c_1*v_1+c_2*v_2) = c_1*T(v_1)+c_2*T(v_2)</m>. Given a basis <m>B</m> of <m>bbR^n</m> and <m>B prime</m> of <m>bbR^m</m> then a linear transform T can be expressed go from <m>B</m> to <m>B prime</m> as <m>delim{[}{T}{]}_{B,B prime} = delim{[}{delim{[}{T(v_1)}{]}_{B prime},cdots,delim{[}{T(v_n)}{]}_{B prime}}{]}</m>. In general <m>delim{[}{Id}{]}_{B,B} = I_n</m> but <m>delim{[}{Id}{]}_{B,B prime} <> I_n</m> | ||