Avoidant Personality Type

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Contents 1 Definition, Synonyms, Analogous 2 Character Strengths and Virtues 3 Traits and Behaviors 4 Passions 4.1 Desires/Pleasures 4.2 Fears/Pains 5 Beliefs 6 Ego Defense Mechanisms 7 Domains 7.1 Emotions 7.2 Relationships 7.2.1 Parenting 7.2.2 Good/Bad Matches 7.3 Self 7.4 Self-Control 7.5 Real World 7.6 Work 7.6.1 Management Style 7.6.2 Careers 8 Self-Improvement 9 Disorder 10 Noteworthy Examples 11 References

Definition, Synonyms, Analogous

Definition:

Synonyms:

Analogous:

Character Strengths and Virtues

Attributes of the idealized self

1. Familiarity, comfortability with the familiar, the known, habit, repetition, routine, predictability; family orientation, strong family ties, closeness, home life, family values; within the family and with familiars, warmth, giving, openness, spontaneousness, likability, friendliness, loyalty, kindness, confidence, self-confidence, a sense of humor, and strong opinions.
2. Concern, empathy, care, awareness, cautiousness, reserve, reticence; highmindedness, refinement, idealism; reliability, steadiness, effectiveness, thoroughness, concentration, responsibility.
3. Circumspection, thoughtfulness, deliberativeness, discretion, ability to concentrate; attentiveness, watchfulness, alertness, vigilance, anticipation, bravery, courage, protectiveness.
4. Polite reserve, courtesy, self-restraint, politeness, coolness, well-mannered, conforming, self-effacing, self-discipline, self-control.
5. Role-seeking (scripted settings, what is expected, defined role, role-play).
6. Privacy, creativity, artistry, imagination, spirituality.

Traits and Behaviors

Strategies to actualize the idealized image

Familiarity, concern, circumspection, polite reserve, role-orientation, privacy.

Passions

Desires/Pleasures

Excessive attachments to limited goods.

"His [1] idealized image], chiefly, is a glorification of the needs which have developed" (Horney, 1950, pg. 277).

acceptance, being close to others, living up to one's intellectual and vocational potential, a sense of mastery from accomplishment, introspection, sensitivity, hyperawareness of feelings, low expectations, remaining on the fringes of groups, rejection,

Fears/Pains

being hurt, being unsuccessful, getting involved, being socially inept, being incompetent in academic and work situations, being criticized, being demeaned, being found uninteresting, being worthless, being unlovable, unpleasant feelings, doing new things, unpleasant situations, unpleasant thoughts, being evaluated, being discovered to be a "fraud", being put down, attracting attention, new responsibilities at work, seeking advancement, failure, reprisals

Beliefs

Dogmas of the private religion

• I am socially inept and socially undesirable in work or social situations.
• Other people are potentially critical, indifferent, demeaning, or rejecting.
• I cannot tolerate unpleasant feelings.
• If people get close to me, they will discover the "real" me and reject me.
• Being exposed as inferior or inadequate will be intolerable.
• I should avoid unpleasant situations at all costs.
• If I feel or think something unpleasant, I should try to wipe it out or distract myself—for example, think of something else, have a drink, take a drug, or watch television.
• I should avoid situations in which I attract attention, or I should be as inconspicuous as possible.
• Unpleasant feelings will escalate and get out of control.
• If others criticize me, they must be right.
• It is better not to do anything than to try something that might fail.
• If I don't think about a problem, I don't have to do anything about it.
• Any signs of tension in a relationship indicate the relationship has gone bad; therefore, I should cut it off.
• If I ignore a problem, it will go away.

(Beck, Freeman & associates, 1990, pp. 359-360, modified)

Ego Defense Mechanisms

Self-glorification requires deception.

Domains

Emotions

Relationships

Parenting

Good/Bad Matches

Good

Bad

Possible

Self

Self-Control

Real World

Work

Management Style

Careers

Self-Improvement

Areas that may need improvement

Disorder

Avoidant Personality Disorder

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp. 664-665) describes Avoidant Personality Disorder as a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

• avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection;
• is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked;
• shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed;
• is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations;
• is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy;
• views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others;
• is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.

Noteworthy Examples

Jane Austen, Ingmar Bergman, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Emily Dickinson, Joan Didion, Bob Dylan, Janeane Garofalo, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Søren Kierkegaard, D.H. Lawrence, Rollo May, Margaret Mead, Joni Mitchell, Anais Nin, Camille Paglia, Plato, J.D. Salinger, Jerry Seinfeld, William Shakespeare, Kenneth Starr, James Thurber, Edith Wharton, Virginia Woolf.

References

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1981, c.1969). William Morris, Ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Aaron T. Beck, Arthur Freeman, and Associates (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York : Guilford Press.

Aaron T. Beck, Arthur Freeman, Denise D. Davis, (2004). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. 2nd. edition. New York: Guilford.

Merriam-Webster (1984). Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms: A Dictionary of Discriminated Synonyms with Antonyms and Analogous and Contrasted Words. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

John M. Oldham and Lois B. Morris (1995). The New Personality Self-Portrait: Why You Think, Work, Love and Act the Way You Do. New York: Bantam.

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