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- | + | Gödel, Escher, Bach - An Eternal Golden Braid | |
- | + | This wiki is for conversations and thoughts on the book. Below is a list of chapters of the book where you can enter your own thoughts about each section. | |
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- | == | + | -->[[Special:Allpages|All pages with content]] |
- | * | + | |
- | * | + | Red links are pages that have no comment, but you can add your own comments. Blue links contain comments. |
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- | + | __NOTOC__ | |
- | *If | + | =[[PART I: GEB]]= |
- | **You | + | ==[[INTRODUCTION: A MUSICO-LOGICAL OFFERING]]== |
- | ** | + | *[[Author]] |
- | * | + | *[[Bach]] |
- | * | + | *[[Canons and Fugues]] |
+ | *[[An Endlessly Rising Canon]] | ||
+ | *[[Escher]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel]] | ||
+ | *[[Mathematical Logic: A Synopsis]] | ||
+ | *[[Banishing Strange Loops]] | ||
+ | *[[Consistency, Completeness, Hilbert's Program]] | ||
+ | *[[Babbage, Computers, Artificial Intelligence...]] | ||
+ | *[[...and Bach]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel Escher Bach]] | ||
+ | *[[Three-Part Invention]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 1: THE MU-PUZZLE]]== | ||
+ | *[[Formal Systems]] | ||
+ | *[[Theorems, Axioms, Rules]] | ||
+ | *[[Inside and Outside the System]] | ||
+ | *[[Jumping out of the System]] | ||
+ | *[[M-Mode, I-Mode, U-Mode]] | ||
+ | *[[Decision Procedures]] | ||
+ | *[[Two-Part Invention]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 2: MEANING AND FORM IN MATHEMATICS]]== | ||
+ | *[[The pq-System]] | ||
+ | *[[The Decision Procedure]] | ||
+ | *[[Bottom-up vs. Top-down]] | ||
+ | *[[Isomorphisms Induce Meaning]] | ||
+ | *[[Meaningless and Meaningful Interpretations]] | ||
+ | *[[Active vs. Passive Meanings]] | ||
+ | *[[Double-Entendre!]] | ||
+ | *[[Formal Systems and Reality]] | ||
+ | *[[Mathematics and Symbol Manipulation]] | ||
+ | *[[The Basic Laws of Arithmetic]] | ||
+ | *[[Ideal Numbers]] | ||
+ | *[[Euclid's Proof]] | ||
+ | *[[Getting Around Infinity]] | ||
+ | *[[Sonata for Unaccompanied Achilles]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 3: FIGURE AND GROUND]]== | ||
+ | *[[Primes vs. Composites]] | ||
+ | *[[The tq-System]] | ||
+ | *[[Capturing Compositeness]] | ||
+ | *[[Illegally Characterizing Primes]] | ||
+ | *[[Figure and Ground]] | ||
+ | *[[Figure and Ground in Music]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursively Enumerable Sets vs. Recursive Sets]] | ||
+ | *[[Primes as Figure Rather than Ground]] | ||
+ | *[[Contracrostipunctus]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 4: CONSISTENCY, COMPLETENESS, AND GEOMETRY]]== | ||
+ | *[[Implicit and Explicit Meaning]] | ||
+ | *[[Explicit Meaning of the Contracrostipunctus]] | ||
+ | *[[Implicit Meanings of the Contracrostipunctus]] | ||
+ | *[[Mapping Between the Contracrostipunctus and Gödel's Theorem]] | ||
+ | *[[The Art of the Fugue]] | ||
+ | *[[Problems Caused by Gödel's Result]] | ||
+ | *[[The Modified pq-System and Inconsistency]] | ||
+ | *[[Regaining Consistency]] | ||
+ | *[[The History of Euclidean Geometry]] | ||
+ | *[[The Many Faces of Noneuclid]] | ||
+ | *[[Undefined Terms]] | ||
+ | *[[The Possibility of Multiple Interpretations]] | ||
+ | *[[Varieties of Consistency]] | ||
+ | *[[Hypothetical Worlds and Consistency]] | ||
+ | *[[Embedding of One Formal System in Another]] | ||
+ | *[[Layers of Stability in Visual Perception]] | ||
+ | *[[Is Mathematics the Same in Every Conceivable World?]] | ||
+ | *[[Is Number Theory the Same in All Conceivable Worlds?]] | ||
+ | *[[Completeness]] | ||
+ | *[[How an Interpretation May Make or Break Completeness]] | ||
+ | *[[Incompleteness of Formalized Number Theory]] | ||
+ | *[[Little Harmonic Labyrinth]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 5: RECURSIVE STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES]]== | ||
+ | *[[What Is Recursion?]] | ||
+ | *[[Pushing, Popping, and Stacks]] | ||
+ | *[[Stacks in Music]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursion in Language]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursive Transition Networks]] | ||
+ | *[[Bottoming Out" and Heterarchies"]] | ||
+ | *[[Expanding Nodes]] | ||
+ | *[[Diagram G and Recursive Sequences]] | ||
+ | *[[A Chaotic Sequence]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Striking Recursive Graphs]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursion at the Lowest Level of Matter]] | ||
+ | *[[Copies and Sameness]] | ||
+ | *[[Programming and Recursion: Modularity, Loops, Procedures]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursion in Chess Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursion and Unpredictability]] | ||
+ | *[[Canon by Intervallic Augmentation]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 6: THE LOCATION OF MEANING]]== | ||
+ | *[[When is One Thing Not Always the Same?]] | ||
+ | *[[Information-Bearers and Information-Revealers]] | ||
+ | *[[Genotype and Phenotype]] | ||
+ | *[[Exotic and Prosaic Isomorphisms]] | ||
+ | *[[Jukeboxes and Triggers]] | ||
+ | *[[DNA and the Necessity of Chemical Context]] | ||
+ | *[[An Unlikely UFO]] | ||
+ | *[[Levels of Understanding of a Message]] | ||
+ | *[[Imaginary Spacescape]] | ||
+ | *[[The Heroic Decipherers]] | ||
+ | *[[Three Layers of Any Message]] | ||
+ | *[[Schrödinger's Aperiodic Crystals]] | ||
+ | *[[Languages for the Three Levels]] | ||
+ | *[[The Jukebox" Theory of Meaning"]] | ||
+ | *[[Against the Jukebox Theory]] | ||
+ | *[[Meaning Is Intrinsic If Intelligence is Natural]] | ||
+ | *[[Earth Chauvinism]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Plaques in Space]] | ||
+ | *[[Bach vs. Cage Again]] | ||
+ | *[[How Universal Is DNA's Message?]] | ||
+ | *[[Chromatic Fantasy, and Feud]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 7: THE PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Words and Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Alphabet and First Rule of the Propositional Calculus]] | ||
+ | *[[Well-Formed Strings]] | ||
+ | *[[More Rules of Inference]] | ||
+ | *[[The Fantasy Rule]] | ||
+ | *[[Recursion and the Fantasy Rule]] | ||
+ | *[[The Converse of the Fantasy Rule]] | ||
+ | *[[The Intended Interpretation of the Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Rounding Out the List of Rules]] | ||
+ | *[[Justifying the Rules]] | ||
+ | *[[Playing Around with the System]] | ||
+ | *[[Semi-Interpretations]] | ||
+ | *[[Ganto's Ax]] | ||
+ | *[[Is There a Decision Procedure for Theorems?]] | ||
+ | *[[Do We Know the System Is Consistent?]] | ||
+ | *[[The Carroll Dialogue Again]] | ||
+ | *[[Shortcuts and Derived Rules]] | ||
+ | *[[Formalizing Higher Levels]] | ||
+ | *[[Reflections on the Strengths and Weaknesses of the System]] | ||
+ | *[[Proofs vs. Derivations]] | ||
+ | *[[The Handling of Contradictions]] | ||
+ | *[[Crab Canon]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 8: TYPOGRAPHICAL NUMBER THEORY]]== | ||
+ | *[[The Crab Canon and Indirect Self-Reference]] | ||
+ | *[[What We Want to Be Able to Express in TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[Numerals]] | ||
+ | *[[Variables and Terms]] | ||
+ | *[[Atoms and Propositional Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Free Variables and Quantifiers]] | ||
+ | *[[Translating Our Sample Sentences]] | ||
+ | *[[Tricks of the Trade]] | ||
+ | *[[Translation Puzzles for You]] | ||
+ | *[[How to Distinguish True from False?]] | ||
+ | *[[The Rules of Well-Formedness]] | ||
+ | *[[A Few More Translation Exercises]] | ||
+ | *[[A Nontypographical System]] | ||
+ | *[[The Five Axioms and First Rules of TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[The Five Peano Postulates]] | ||
+ | *[[New Rules of TNT: Specification and Generalization]] | ||
+ | *[[The Existential Quantifier]] | ||
+ | *[[Rules of Equality and Successorship]] | ||
+ | *[[Illegal Shortcuts]] | ||
+ | *[[Why Specification and Generalization Are Restricted]] | ||
+ | *[[Something Is Missing]] | ||
+ | *[[omega-Incomplete Systems and Undecidable Strings]] | ||
+ | *[[Non-Euclidean TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[omega-Inconsistency Is Not the Same as Inconsistency]] | ||
+ | *[[The Last Rule]] | ||
+ | *[[A Long Derivation]] | ||
+ | *[[Tension and Resolution in TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[Formal Reasoning vs. Informal Reasoning]] | ||
+ | *[[Number Theorists Go out of Business]] | ||
+ | *[[Hilbert's Program]] | ||
+ | *[[A Mu Offering]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 9: MUMON AND GÖDEL]]== | ||
+ | *[[What is Zen?]] | ||
+ | *[[Zen Master Mumon]] | ||
+ | *[[Zen's Struggle Against Dualism]] | ||
+ | *[[Ism, The Un-Mode, and Unmon]] | ||
+ | *[[Zen and Tumbolia]] | ||
+ | *[[Escher and Zen]] | ||
+ | *[[Hemiolia and Escher]] | ||
+ | *[[Indra's Net]] | ||
+ | *[[Mumon on MU]] | ||
+ | *[[From Mumon to the MU-puzzle]] | ||
+ | *[[Mumon Shows Us How to Solve the MU-puzzle]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel-Numbering the MIU-System]] | ||
+ | *[[Seeing Things Both Typographically and Arithmetically]] | ||
+ | *[[MIU-Producible Numbers]] | ||
+ | *[[Answering Questions about Producible Numbers by Consulting TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[The Dual Nature of MUMON]] | ||
+ | *[[Codes and Implicit Meaning]] | ||
+ | *[[The Boomerang: Gödel-Numbering TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[TNT-Numbers: A Recursively Enumerable Set of Numbers]] | ||
+ | *[[TNT Tries to Swallow Itself]] | ||
+ | *[[G: A String Which Talks about Itself in Code]] | ||
+ | *[[G's Existence Is What Causes TNT's Incompleteness]] | ||
+ | *[[Mumon Has the Last Word]]== | ||
+ | =[[PART II: EGB]]= | ||
+ | *[[Prelude...]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 10: LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION, AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Levels of Description]] | ||
+ | *[[Chunking and Chess Skill]] | ||
+ | *[[Similar Levels]] | ||
+ | *[[Computer Systems]] | ||
+ | *[[Instructions and Data]] | ||
+ | *[[Machine Language vs. Assembly language]] | ||
+ | *[[Programs That Translate Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[Higher-Level Languages, Compilers, and Interpreters]] | ||
+ | *[[Bootstrapping]] | ||
+ | *[[Levels on Which to Describe Running Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[Microprogramming and Operating Systems]] | ||
+ | *[[Cushioning the User and Protecting the System]] | ||
+ | *[[Are Computers Super-Flexible or Super-Rigid?]] | ||
+ | *[[Second-Guessing the Programmer]] | ||
+ | *[[AI Advanced Are Language Advances]] | ||
+ | *[[The Paranoid and the Operating System]] | ||
+ | *[[The Border between Software and Hardware]] | ||
+ | *[[Intermediate Levels and the Weather]] | ||
+ | *[[From Tornados to Quarks]] | ||
+ | *[[Superconductivity: A Paradox" of Renormalization"]] | ||
+ | *[[Sealing-off]] | ||
+ | *[[The Trade-off between Chunking and Determinism]] | ||
+ | *[[Computers Can Only Do What You Tell Them to Do]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Types of System]] | ||
+ | *[[Epiphenomena]] | ||
+ | *[[Mind vs. Brain]] | ||
+ | *[[...Ant Fugue]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 11: BRAINS AND THOUGHTS]]== | ||
+ | *[[New Perspectives on Thought]] | ||
+ | *[[Intensionality and Extensionality]] | ||
+ | *[[The Brain's Ants]] | ||
+ | *[[Larger Structures in the Brain]] | ||
+ | *[[Mappings between Brains]] | ||
+ | *[[Localization of Brain Processes: An Enigma]] | ||
+ | *[[Specificity in Visual Processing]] | ||
+ | *[[A Grandmother Cell"?"]] | ||
+ | *[[Funneling into Neural Modules]] | ||
+ | *[[Modules Which Mediate Thought Processes]] | ||
+ | *[[Active Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Classes and Instances]] | ||
+ | *[[The Prototype Principle]] | ||
+ | *[[The Splitting-off of Instance from Classes]] | ||
+ | *[[The Difficulty of Disentangling Symbols from Each Other]] | ||
+ | *[[Symbols -- Software or Hardware?]] | ||
+ | *[[Liftability of Intelligence]] | ||
+ | *[[Can One Symbol Be Isolated?]] | ||
+ | *[[The Symbols of Insects]] | ||
+ | *[[Class Symbols and Imaginary Worlds]] | ||
+ | *[[Intuitive Laws of Physics]] | ||
+ | *[[Procedural and Declarative Knowledge]] | ||
+ | *[[Visual Imagery]] | ||
+ | *[[English French German Suite]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 12: MINDS AND THOUGHTS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Can Minds Be Mapped onto Each Other?]] | ||
+ | *[[Comparing Different Semantic Networks]] | ||
+ | *[[Translations of Jabberwocky]] | ||
+ | *[[ASU's]] | ||
+ | *[[A Surprise Reversal]] | ||
+ | *[[Centrality and Universality]] | ||
+ | *[[How Much Do Language and Culture Channel Thought?]] | ||
+ | *[[Trips and Itineraries in ASU's]] | ||
+ | *[[Possible, Potential, and Preposterous Pathways]] | ||
+ | *[[Different Styles of Translating Novels]] | ||
+ | *[[High-Level Comparisons between Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[High-Level Comparisons between Brains]] | ||
+ | *[[Potential Beliefs, Potential Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Where is the Sense of Self?]] | ||
+ | *[[Subsystems]] | ||
+ | *[[Subsystems and Shared Code]] | ||
+ | *[[The Self-Symbol and Consciousness]] | ||
+ | *[[Our First Encounter with Lucas]] | ||
+ | *[[Aria with Diverse Variations]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 13: BlooP AND FlooP AND GlooP]]== | ||
+ | *[[Self-Awareness and Chaos]] | ||
+ | *[[Representability and Refrigerators]] | ||
+ | *[[Ganto's Ax in Metamathmatics]] | ||
+ | *[[Finding Order by Choosing the Right Filter]] | ||
+ | *[[Primordial Steps of the Language BlooP]] | ||
+ | *[[Loops and Upper Bounds]] | ||
+ | *[[Conventions of BlooP]] | ||
+ | *[[IF-Statements and Branching]] | ||
+ | *[[Automatic Chunking]] | ||
+ | *[[BlooP Tests]] | ||
+ | *[[BlooP Programs Contain Chains of Procedures]] | ||
+ | *[[Suggested Exercises]] | ||
+ | *[[Expressibility and Representability]] | ||
+ | *[[Primitive Recursive Predicates Are Represented in TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[Are There Functions Which Are Not Primitive Recursive?]] | ||
+ | *[[Pool B, Index Numbers, and Blue Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[The Diagonal Method]] | ||
+ | *[[Cantor's Original Diagonal Argument]] | ||
+ | *[[What Does a Diagonal Argument Prove?]] | ||
+ | *[[The Insidious Repeatability of the Diagonal Argument]] | ||
+ | *[[From BlooP to FlooP]] | ||
+ | *[[Terminating and Nonterminating FlooP Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[Turing's Trickery]] | ||
+ | *[[A Termination Tester Would Be Magical]] | ||
+ | *[[Pool F, Index Numbers, and Green Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[The Termination Tester Gives Us Red Programs]] | ||
+ | *[[GlooP...]] | ||
+ | *[[...Is a Myth]] | ||
+ | *[[The Church-Turing Thesis]] | ||
+ | *[[Terminology: General and Partial Recursive]] | ||
+ | *[[The Power of TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[Air on G's String]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 14: ON FORMALLY UNDECIDABLE PROPOSITIONS OF TNT AND RELATED SYSTEMS]]== | ||
+ | *[[The Two Ideas of the Oyster]] | ||
+ | *[[The First Idea: Proof-Pairs]] | ||
+ | *[[Proof-Pair-ness Is Primitive Recursive...]] | ||
+ | *[[...And Is Therefore Represented in TNT]] | ||
+ | *[[The Power of Proof-Pairs]] | ||
+ | *[[Substitution Leads to the Second Idea]] | ||
+ | *[[Arithmoquining]] | ||
+ | *[[The Last Straw]] | ||
+ | *[[TNT Says Uncle!]] | ||
+ | *[[Yields Nontheoremhood When Arithmoquined]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel's Second Theorem]] | ||
+ | *[[TNT Is \\omega-Incomplete]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Different Ways to Plug Up the Hole]] | ||
+ | *[[Supernatural Numbers]] | ||
+ | *[[Supernatural Theorems Have Infinitely Long Derivations]] | ||
+ | *[[Supernatural Addition and Multiplication]] | ||
+ | *[[Supernaturals Are Useful...]] | ||
+ | *[[...But Are They Real?]] | ||
+ | *[[Bifurcations in Geometry, and Physicists]] | ||
+ | *[[Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Bankers]] | ||
+ | *[[Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Metamathematicians]] | ||
+ | *[[Hilbert's Tenth Problem and the Tortoise]] | ||
+ | *[[Birthday Cantatatata...]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 15: JUMPING OUT OF THE SYSTEM]]== | ||
+ | *[[A More Powerful Formal System]] | ||
+ | *[[The Gödel Method Reapplied]] | ||
+ | *[[Multifurcation]] | ||
+ | *[[Essential Incompleteness]] | ||
+ | *[[The Passion According to Lucas]] | ||
+ | *[[Jumping Up a Dimension]] | ||
+ | *[[The Limits of Intelligent Systems]] | ||
+ | *[[There Is No Recursive Rule for Naming Ordinals]] | ||
+ | *[[Other Refutations of Lucas]] | ||
+ | *[[Self-Transcendence -- A Modern Myth]] | ||
+ | *[[Advertisement and Framing Devices]] | ||
+ | *[[Simplicio, Salviati, Sagredo: Why Three?]] | ||
+ | *[[Zen and Stepping Out]] | ||
+ | *[[Edifying Thoughts of a Tobacco Smoker]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 16: SELF-REF AND SELF-REP]]== | ||
+ | *[[Implicitly and Explicitly Self-Referential Sentences]] | ||
+ | *[[A Self-Reproducing Program]] | ||
+ | *[[What Is a Copy?]] | ||
+ | *[[A Self-Reproducing Song]] | ||
+ | *[[Epimenides Straddles the Channel]] | ||
+ | *[[A Program That Prints Out Its Own Gödel Number]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödelian Self-Reference]] | ||
+ | *[[A Self-Rep by Augmentation]] | ||
+ | *[[A Kimian Self-Rep]] | ||
+ | *[[What Is the Original?]] | ||
+ | *[[Typogenetics]] | ||
+ | *[[Strands, Bases, Enzymes]] | ||
+ | *[[Copy Mode and Double Strands]] | ||
+ | *[[Amino Acids]] | ||
+ | *[[Translation and the Typogenetic Code]] | ||
+ | *[[Tertiary Structure of Enzymes]] | ||
+ | *[[Punctuation, Genes, and Ribosomes]] | ||
+ | *[[Puzzle: A Typogenetical Self-Rep]] | ||
+ | *[[The Central Dogma of Typogenetics]] | ||
+ | *[[Strange Loops, TNT, and Real Genetics]] | ||
+ | *[[DNA and Nucleotides]] | ||
+ | *[[Messenger RNA and Ribosomes]] | ||
+ | *[[Amino Acids]] | ||
+ | *[[Ribosomes and Tape Recorders]] | ||
+ | *[[The Genetic Code]] | ||
+ | *[[Tertiary Structure]] | ||
+ | *[[Reductionistic Explanation of Protein Function]] | ||
+ | *[[Transfer RNA and Ribosomes]] | ||
+ | *[[Punctuation and the Reading Frame]] | ||
+ | *[[Recap]] | ||
+ | *[[Levels of Structure and Meaning in Proteins and Music]] | ||
+ | *[[Polyribosomes and Two-Tiered Canons]] | ||
+ | *[[Which Came First -- The Ribosome or the Protein?]] | ||
+ | *[[Protein Function]] | ||
+ | *[[Need for a Sufficiently Strong Support System]] | ||
+ | *[[How DNA Self-Replicates]] | ||
+ | *[[Comparison of DNA's Self-Rep Method with Quining]] | ||
+ | *[[Levels of Meaning of DNA]] | ||
+ | *[[The Central Dogmap]] | ||
+ | *[[Strange Loops in the Central Dogmap]] | ||
+ | *[[The Central Dogmap and the Contracrostipunctus]] | ||
+ | *[[E. Coli vs. T4]] | ||
+ | *[[A Molecular Trojan Horse]] | ||
+ | *[[Recognition, Disguises, Labeling]] | ||
+ | *[[Henkin Sentences and Viruses]] | ||
+ | *[[Implicit vs. Explicit Henkin Sentences]] | ||
+ | *[[Henkin Sentences and Self-Assembly]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Outstanding Problems: Differentiation and Morphogenesis]] | ||
+ | *[[Feedback and Feedforward]] | ||
+ | *[[Repressors and Inducers]] | ||
+ | *[[Feedback and Strange Loops Compared]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Simple Examples of Differentiation]] | ||
+ | *[[Level Mixing in the Cell]] | ||
+ | *[[The Origin of Life]] | ||
+ | *[[The Magnificrab, Indeed]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 17: CHURCH, TURING, TARSKI, AND OTHERS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Formal and Informal Systems]] | ||
+ | *[[Intuition and the Magnificent Crab]] | ||
+ | *[[The Church-Turing Thesis]] | ||
+ | *[[The Public-Processes Version]] | ||
+ | *[[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] | ||
+ | *[[Idiots Savants]] | ||
+ | *[[The Isomorphism Version of the Church-Turing Thesis]] | ||
+ | *[[Representation of Knowledge about the Real World]] | ||
+ | *[[Processes That Are Not So Skimmable]] | ||
+ | *[[Articles of Reductionistic Faith]] | ||
+ | *[[Partial Progress in AI and Brain Simulation?]] | ||
+ | *[[Beauty, the Crab, and the Soul]] | ||
+ | *[[Irrational and Rational Can Coexist on Different Levels]] | ||
+ | *[[More Against Lucas]] | ||
+ | *[[An Underpinning of AI]] | ||
+ | *[[Church's Theorem]] | ||
+ | *[[Tarski's Theorem]] | ||
+ | *[[The Impossibility of the Magnificrab]] | ||
+ | *[[Two Types of Form]] | ||
+ | *[[Meaning Derives from Connections to Cognitive Structures]] | ||
+ | *[[Beauty, Truth, and Form]] | ||
+ | *[[The Neural Substrate of the Epimenides Paradox]] | ||
+ | *[[SHRDLU, Toy of Man's Designing]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 18: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RETROSPECTS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Turing]] | ||
+ | *[[The Turing Test]] | ||
+ | *[[Turing Anticipates Objections]] | ||
+ | *[[Parry Encounters the Doctor]] | ||
+ | *[[A Brief History of AI]] | ||
+ | *[[Mechanical Translation]] | ||
+ | *[[Computer Chess]] | ||
+ | *[[Samuel's Checker Program]] | ||
+ | *[[When Is a Program Original?]] | ||
+ | *[[Who Composes Computer Music?]] | ||
+ | *[[Theorem Proving and Problem Reduction]] | ||
+ | *[[Shandy and the Bone]] | ||
+ | *[[Changing the Problem Space]] | ||
+ | *[[The I-Mode and the M-Mode Again]] | ||
+ | *[[Applying AI to Mathematics]] | ||
+ | *[[The Crux of AI: Representation of Knowledge]] | ||
+ | *[[DNA and Proteins Help Give Some Perspective]] | ||
+ | *[[Modularity of Knowledge]] | ||
+ | *[[Representing Knowledge in a Logical Formalism]] | ||
+ | *[[Deductive vs. Analogical Awareness]] | ||
+ | *[[From Computer Haiku to an RTN-Grammar]] | ||
+ | *[[From RTN's to ATN's]] | ||
+ | *[[A Little Turing Test]] | ||
+ | *[[Images of What Thought Is]] | ||
+ | *[[Higher-Level Grammars...]] | ||
+ | *[[Grammars for Music?]] | ||
+ | *[[Winograd's Program SHRDLU]] | ||
+ | *[[The Structure of SHRDLU]] | ||
+ | *[[PLANNER Facilitates Problem Reduction]] | ||
+ | *[[Syntax and Semantics]] | ||
+ | *[[Contrafactus]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 19: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PROSPECTS]]== | ||
+ | *[[Almost" Situations and Subjunctives"]] | ||
+ | *[[Layers of Stability]] | ||
+ | *[[Frames and Nested Contexts]] | ||
+ | *[[Bongard Problems]] | ||
+ | *[[Preprocessing Selects a Mini-Vocabulary]] | ||
+ | *[[High-Level Descriptions]] | ||
+ | *[[Templates and Sameness-Detectors]] | ||
+ | *[[A Heterarchical Program]] | ||
+ | *[[The Concept Network]] | ||
+ | *[[Slippage and Tentativity]] | ||
+ | *[[Meta-Descriptions]] | ||
+ | *[[Flexibility is Important]] | ||
+ | *[[Focusing and Filtering]] | ||
+ | *[[Science and the World of Bongard Problems]] | ||
+ | *[[Connections to Other Types of Thought]] | ||
+ | *[[Message-Passing Languages, Frames, and Symbols]] | ||
+ | *[[Enzymes and AI]] | ||
+ | *[[Fission and Fusion]] | ||
+ | *[[Epigenesis of the Crab Canon]] | ||
+ | *[[Conceptual Skeletons and Conceptual Mapping]] | ||
+ | *[[Recombinant Ideas]] | ||
+ | *[[Abstractions, Skeletons, Analogies]] | ||
+ | *[[Multiple Representations]] | ||
+ | *[[Ports of Access]] | ||
+ | *[[Forced Matching]] | ||
+ | *[[Recap]] | ||
+ | *[[Creativity and Randomness]] | ||
+ | *[[Picking up Patterns on All Levels]] | ||
+ | *[[The Flexibility of Language]] | ||
+ | *[[Intelligence and Emotions]] | ||
+ | *[[AI Has Far to Go]] | ||
+ | *[[Ten Questions and Speculations]] | ||
+ | *[[Sloth Canon]] | ||
+ | ==[[CHAPTER 20: STRANGE LOOPS, OR TANGLED HIERARCHIES]]== | ||
+ | *[[Can Machines Possess Originality?]] | ||
+ | *[[Below Every Tangled Hierarchy Lies An Inviolate Level]] | ||
+ | *[[A Self-Modifying Game]] | ||
+ | *[[The Authorship Triangle Again]] | ||
+ | *[[Escher's Drawing Hands]] | ||
+ | *[[Brain and Mind: A Neural Tangle Supporting a Symbol Tangle]] | ||
+ | *[[Strange Loops in Government]] | ||
+ | *[[Tangles Involving Science and the Occult]] | ||
+ | *[[The Nature of Evidence]] | ||
+ | *[[Seeing Oneself]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel's Theorem and Other Disciplines]] | ||
+ | *[[Introspection and Insanity: A Gödelian Problem]] | ||
+ | *[[Can We Understand Our Own Minds or Brains?]] | ||
+ | *[[Gödel's Theorem and Personal Nonexistence]] | ||
+ | *[[Science and Dualism]] | ||
+ | *[[Symbol vs. Object in Modern Music and Art]] | ||
+ | *[[Magritte's Semantic Illusions]] | ||
+ | *[[The Code" of Modern Art"]] | ||
+ | *[[Ism Once Again]] | ||
+ | *[[Understanding the Mind]] | ||
+ | *[[Accidental Inexplicability of Intelligence?]] | ||
+ | *[[Undecidability Is Inseparable from a High-Level Viewpoint]] | ||
+ | *[[Consciousness as an Intrinsically High-Level Phenomenon]] | ||
+ | *[[Strange Loops as the Crux of Consciousness]] | ||
+ | *[[The Self-Symbol and Free Will]] | ||
+ | *[[A Gödel Vortex Where All Levels Cross]] | ||
+ | *[[An Escher Vortex Where All Levels Cross]] | ||
+ | *[[A Bach Vortex Where All Levels Cross]] | ||
+ | *[[Six-Part Ricercar]] |
Revision as of 21:38, 23 March 2006
Gödel, Escher, Bach - An Eternal Golden Braid
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PART I: GEB
INTRODUCTION: A MUSICO-LOGICAL OFFERING
- Author
- Bach
- Canons and Fugues
- An Endlessly Rising Canon
- Escher
- Gödel
- Mathematical Logic: A Synopsis
- Banishing Strange Loops
- Consistency, Completeness, Hilbert's Program
- Babbage, Computers, Artificial Intelligence...
- ...and Bach
- Gödel Escher Bach
- Three-Part Invention
CHAPTER 1: THE MU-PUZZLE
- Formal Systems
- Theorems, Axioms, Rules
- Inside and Outside the System
- Jumping out of the System
- M-Mode, I-Mode, U-Mode
- Decision Procedures
- Two-Part Invention
CHAPTER 2: MEANING AND FORM IN MATHEMATICS
- The pq-System
- The Decision Procedure
- Bottom-up vs. Top-down
- Isomorphisms Induce Meaning
- Meaningless and Meaningful Interpretations
- Active vs. Passive Meanings
- Double-Entendre!
- Formal Systems and Reality
- Mathematics and Symbol Manipulation
- The Basic Laws of Arithmetic
- Ideal Numbers
- Euclid's Proof
- Getting Around Infinity
- Sonata for Unaccompanied Achilles
CHAPTER 3: FIGURE AND GROUND
- Primes vs. Composites
- The tq-System
- Capturing Compositeness
- Illegally Characterizing Primes
- Figure and Ground
- Figure and Ground in Music
- Recursively Enumerable Sets vs. Recursive Sets
- Primes as Figure Rather than Ground
- Contracrostipunctus
CHAPTER 4: CONSISTENCY, COMPLETENESS, AND GEOMETRY
- Implicit and Explicit Meaning
- Explicit Meaning of the Contracrostipunctus
- Implicit Meanings of the Contracrostipunctus
- Mapping Between the Contracrostipunctus and Gödel's Theorem
- The Art of the Fugue
- Problems Caused by Gödel's Result
- The Modified pq-System and Inconsistency
- Regaining Consistency
- The History of Euclidean Geometry
- The Many Faces of Noneuclid
- Undefined Terms
- The Possibility of Multiple Interpretations
- Varieties of Consistency
- Hypothetical Worlds and Consistency
- Embedding of One Formal System in Another
- Layers of Stability in Visual Perception
- Is Mathematics the Same in Every Conceivable World?
- Is Number Theory the Same in All Conceivable Worlds?
- Completeness
- How an Interpretation May Make or Break Completeness
- Incompleteness of Formalized Number Theory
- Little Harmonic Labyrinth
CHAPTER 5: RECURSIVE STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
- What Is Recursion?
- Pushing, Popping, and Stacks
- Stacks in Music
- Recursion in Language
- Recursive Transition Networks
- Bottoming Out" and Heterarchies"
- Expanding Nodes
- Diagram G and Recursive Sequences
- A Chaotic Sequence
- Two Striking Recursive Graphs
- Recursion at the Lowest Level of Matter
- Copies and Sameness
- Programming and Recursion: Modularity, Loops, Procedures
- Recursion in Chess Programs
- Recursion and Unpredictability
- Canon by Intervallic Augmentation
CHAPTER 6: THE LOCATION OF MEANING
- When is One Thing Not Always the Same?
- Information-Bearers and Information-Revealers
- Genotype and Phenotype
- Exotic and Prosaic Isomorphisms
- Jukeboxes and Triggers
- DNA and the Necessity of Chemical Context
- An Unlikely UFO
- Levels of Understanding of a Message
- Imaginary Spacescape
- The Heroic Decipherers
- Three Layers of Any Message
- Schrödinger's Aperiodic Crystals
- Languages for the Three Levels
- The Jukebox" Theory of Meaning"
- Against the Jukebox Theory
- Meaning Is Intrinsic If Intelligence is Natural
- Earth Chauvinism
- Two Plaques in Space
- Bach vs. Cage Again
- How Universal Is DNA's Message?
- Chromatic Fantasy, and Feud
CHAPTER 7: THE PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS
- Words and Symbols
- Alphabet and First Rule of the Propositional Calculus
- Well-Formed Strings
- More Rules of Inference
- The Fantasy Rule
- Recursion and the Fantasy Rule
- The Converse of the Fantasy Rule
- The Intended Interpretation of the Symbols
- Rounding Out the List of Rules
- Justifying the Rules
- Playing Around with the System
- Semi-Interpretations
- Ganto's Ax
- Is There a Decision Procedure for Theorems?
- Do We Know the System Is Consistent?
- The Carroll Dialogue Again
- Shortcuts and Derived Rules
- Formalizing Higher Levels
- Reflections on the Strengths and Weaknesses of the System
- Proofs vs. Derivations
- The Handling of Contradictions
- Crab Canon
CHAPTER 8: TYPOGRAPHICAL NUMBER THEORY
- The Crab Canon and Indirect Self-Reference
- What We Want to Be Able to Express in TNT
- Numerals
- Variables and Terms
- Atoms and Propositional Symbols
- Free Variables and Quantifiers
- Translating Our Sample Sentences
- Tricks of the Trade
- Translation Puzzles for You
- How to Distinguish True from False?
- The Rules of Well-Formedness
- A Few More Translation Exercises
- A Nontypographical System
- The Five Axioms and First Rules of TNT
- The Five Peano Postulates
- New Rules of TNT: Specification and Generalization
- The Existential Quantifier
- Rules of Equality and Successorship
- Illegal Shortcuts
- Why Specification and Generalization Are Restricted
- Something Is Missing
- omega-Incomplete Systems and Undecidable Strings
- Non-Euclidean TNT
- omega-Inconsistency Is Not the Same as Inconsistency
- The Last Rule
- A Long Derivation
- Tension and Resolution in TNT
- Formal Reasoning vs. Informal Reasoning
- Number Theorists Go out of Business
- Hilbert's Program
- A Mu Offering
CHAPTER 9: MUMON AND GÖDEL
- What is Zen?
- Zen Master Mumon
- Zen's Struggle Against Dualism
- Ism, The Un-Mode, and Unmon
- Zen and Tumbolia
- Escher and Zen
- Hemiolia and Escher
- Indra's Net
- Mumon on MU
- From Mumon to the MU-puzzle
- Mumon Shows Us How to Solve the MU-puzzle
- Gödel-Numbering the MIU-System
- Seeing Things Both Typographically and Arithmetically
- MIU-Producible Numbers
- Answering Questions about Producible Numbers by Consulting TNT
- The Dual Nature of MUMON
- Codes and Implicit Meaning
- The Boomerang: Gödel-Numbering TNT
- TNT-Numbers: A Recursively Enumerable Set of Numbers
- TNT Tries to Swallow Itself
- G: A String Which Talks about Itself in Code
- G's Existence Is What Causes TNT's Incompleteness
- Mumon Has the Last Word==
PART II: EGB
CHAPTER 10: LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION, AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS
- Levels of Description
- Chunking and Chess Skill
- Similar Levels
- Computer Systems
- Instructions and Data
- Machine Language vs. Assembly language
- Programs That Translate Programs
- Higher-Level Languages, Compilers, and Interpreters
- Bootstrapping
- Levels on Which to Describe Running Programs
- Microprogramming and Operating Systems
- Cushioning the User and Protecting the System
- Are Computers Super-Flexible or Super-Rigid?
- Second-Guessing the Programmer
- AI Advanced Are Language Advances
- The Paranoid and the Operating System
- The Border between Software and Hardware
- Intermediate Levels and the Weather
- From Tornados to Quarks
- Superconductivity: A Paradox" of Renormalization"
- Sealing-off
- The Trade-off between Chunking and Determinism
- Computers Can Only Do What You Tell Them to Do
- Two Types of System
- Epiphenomena
- Mind vs. Brain
- ...Ant Fugue
CHAPTER 11: BRAINS AND THOUGHTS
- New Perspectives on Thought
- Intensionality and Extensionality
- The Brain's Ants
- Larger Structures in the Brain
- Mappings between Brains
- Localization of Brain Processes: An Enigma
- Specificity in Visual Processing
- A Grandmother Cell"?"
- Funneling into Neural Modules
- Modules Which Mediate Thought Processes
- Active Symbols
- Classes and Instances
- The Prototype Principle
- The Splitting-off of Instance from Classes
- The Difficulty of Disentangling Symbols from Each Other
- Symbols -- Software or Hardware?
- Liftability of Intelligence
- Can One Symbol Be Isolated?
- The Symbols of Insects
- Class Symbols and Imaginary Worlds
- Intuitive Laws of Physics
- Procedural and Declarative Knowledge
- Visual Imagery
- English French German Suite
CHAPTER 12: MINDS AND THOUGHTS
- Can Minds Be Mapped onto Each Other?
- Comparing Different Semantic Networks
- Translations of Jabberwocky
- ASU's
- A Surprise Reversal
- Centrality and Universality
- How Much Do Language and Culture Channel Thought?
- Trips and Itineraries in ASU's
- Possible, Potential, and Preposterous Pathways
- Different Styles of Translating Novels
- High-Level Comparisons between Programs
- High-Level Comparisons between Brains
- Potential Beliefs, Potential Symbols
- Where is the Sense of Self?
- Subsystems
- Subsystems and Shared Code
- The Self-Symbol and Consciousness
- Our First Encounter with Lucas
- Aria with Diverse Variations
CHAPTER 13: BlooP AND FlooP AND GlooP
- Self-Awareness and Chaos
- Representability and Refrigerators
- Ganto's Ax in Metamathmatics
- Finding Order by Choosing the Right Filter
- Primordial Steps of the Language BlooP
- Loops and Upper Bounds
- Conventions of BlooP
- IF-Statements and Branching
- Automatic Chunking
- BlooP Tests
- BlooP Programs Contain Chains of Procedures
- Suggested Exercises
- Expressibility and Representability
- Primitive Recursive Predicates Are Represented in TNT
- Are There Functions Which Are Not Primitive Recursive?
- Pool B, Index Numbers, and Blue Programs
- The Diagonal Method
- Cantor's Original Diagonal Argument
- What Does a Diagonal Argument Prove?
- The Insidious Repeatability of the Diagonal Argument
- From BlooP to FlooP
- Terminating and Nonterminating FlooP Programs
- Turing's Trickery
- A Termination Tester Would Be Magical
- Pool F, Index Numbers, and Green Programs
- The Termination Tester Gives Us Red Programs
- GlooP...
- ...Is a Myth
- The Church-Turing Thesis
- Terminology: General and Partial Recursive
- The Power of TNT
- Air on G's String
CHAPTER 14: ON FORMALLY UNDECIDABLE PROPOSITIONS OF TNT AND RELATED SYSTEMS
- The Two Ideas of the Oyster
- The First Idea: Proof-Pairs
- Proof-Pair-ness Is Primitive Recursive...
- ...And Is Therefore Represented in TNT
- The Power of Proof-Pairs
- Substitution Leads to the Second Idea
- Arithmoquining
- The Last Straw
- TNT Says Uncle!
- Yields Nontheoremhood When Arithmoquined
- Gödel's Second Theorem
- TNT Is \\omega-Incomplete
- Two Different Ways to Plug Up the Hole
- Supernatural Numbers
- Supernatural Theorems Have Infinitely Long Derivations
- Supernatural Addition and Multiplication
- Supernaturals Are Useful...
- ...But Are They Real?
- Bifurcations in Geometry, and Physicists
- Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Bankers
- Bifurcations in Number Theory, and Metamathematicians
- Hilbert's Tenth Problem and the Tortoise
- Birthday Cantatatata...
CHAPTER 15: JUMPING OUT OF THE SYSTEM
- A More Powerful Formal System
- The Gödel Method Reapplied
- Multifurcation
- Essential Incompleteness
- The Passion According to Lucas
- Jumping Up a Dimension
- The Limits of Intelligent Systems
- There Is No Recursive Rule for Naming Ordinals
- Other Refutations of Lucas
- Self-Transcendence -- A Modern Myth
- Advertisement and Framing Devices
- Simplicio, Salviati, Sagredo: Why Three?
- Zen and Stepping Out
- Edifying Thoughts of a Tobacco Smoker
CHAPTER 16: SELF-REF AND SELF-REP
- Implicitly and Explicitly Self-Referential Sentences
- A Self-Reproducing Program
- What Is a Copy?
- A Self-Reproducing Song
- Epimenides Straddles the Channel
- A Program That Prints Out Its Own Gödel Number
- Gödelian Self-Reference
- A Self-Rep by Augmentation
- A Kimian Self-Rep
- What Is the Original?
- Typogenetics
- Strands, Bases, Enzymes
- Copy Mode and Double Strands
- Amino Acids
- Translation and the Typogenetic Code
- Tertiary Structure of Enzymes
- Punctuation, Genes, and Ribosomes
- Puzzle: A Typogenetical Self-Rep
- The Central Dogma of Typogenetics
- Strange Loops, TNT, and Real Genetics
- DNA and Nucleotides
- Messenger RNA and Ribosomes
- Amino Acids
- Ribosomes and Tape Recorders
- The Genetic Code
- Tertiary Structure
- Reductionistic Explanation of Protein Function
- Transfer RNA and Ribosomes
- Punctuation and the Reading Frame
- Recap
- Levels of Structure and Meaning in Proteins and Music
- Polyribosomes and Two-Tiered Canons
- Which Came First -- The Ribosome or the Protein?
- Protein Function
- Need for a Sufficiently Strong Support System
- How DNA Self-Replicates
- Comparison of DNA's Self-Rep Method with Quining
- Levels of Meaning of DNA
- The Central Dogmap
- Strange Loops in the Central Dogmap
- The Central Dogmap and the Contracrostipunctus
- E. Coli vs. T4
- A Molecular Trojan Horse
- Recognition, Disguises, Labeling
- Henkin Sentences and Viruses
- Implicit vs. Explicit Henkin Sentences
- Henkin Sentences and Self-Assembly
- Two Outstanding Problems: Differentiation and Morphogenesis
- Feedback and Feedforward
- Repressors and Inducers
- Feedback and Strange Loops Compared
- Two Simple Examples of Differentiation
- Level Mixing in the Cell
- The Origin of Life
- The Magnificrab, Indeed
CHAPTER 17: CHURCH, TURING, TARSKI, AND OTHERS
- Formal and Informal Systems
- Intuition and the Magnificent Crab
- The Church-Turing Thesis
- The Public-Processes Version
- Srinivasa Ramanujan
- Idiots Savants
- The Isomorphism Version of the Church-Turing Thesis
- Representation of Knowledge about the Real World
- Processes That Are Not So Skimmable
- Articles of Reductionistic Faith
- Partial Progress in AI and Brain Simulation?
- Beauty, the Crab, and the Soul
- Irrational and Rational Can Coexist on Different Levels
- More Against Lucas
- An Underpinning of AI
- Church's Theorem
- Tarski's Theorem
- The Impossibility of the Magnificrab
- Two Types of Form
- Meaning Derives from Connections to Cognitive Structures
- Beauty, Truth, and Form
- The Neural Substrate of the Epimenides Paradox
- SHRDLU, Toy of Man's Designing
CHAPTER 18: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RETROSPECTS
- Turing
- The Turing Test
- Turing Anticipates Objections
- Parry Encounters the Doctor
- A Brief History of AI
- Mechanical Translation
- Computer Chess
- Samuel's Checker Program
- When Is a Program Original?
- Who Composes Computer Music?
- Theorem Proving and Problem Reduction
- Shandy and the Bone
- Changing the Problem Space
- The I-Mode and the M-Mode Again
- Applying AI to Mathematics
- The Crux of AI: Representation of Knowledge
- DNA and Proteins Help Give Some Perspective
- Modularity of Knowledge
- Representing Knowledge in a Logical Formalism
- Deductive vs. Analogical Awareness
- From Computer Haiku to an RTN-Grammar
- From RTN's to ATN's
- A Little Turing Test
- Images of What Thought Is
- Higher-Level Grammars...
- Grammars for Music?
- Winograd's Program SHRDLU
- The Structure of SHRDLU
- PLANNER Facilitates Problem Reduction
- Syntax and Semantics
- Contrafactus
CHAPTER 19: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PROSPECTS
- Almost" Situations and Subjunctives"
- Layers of Stability
- Frames and Nested Contexts
- Bongard Problems
- Preprocessing Selects a Mini-Vocabulary
- High-Level Descriptions
- Templates and Sameness-Detectors
- A Heterarchical Program
- The Concept Network
- Slippage and Tentativity
- Meta-Descriptions
- Flexibility is Important
- Focusing and Filtering
- Science and the World of Bongard Problems
- Connections to Other Types of Thought
- Message-Passing Languages, Frames, and Symbols
- Enzymes and AI
- Fission and Fusion
- Epigenesis of the Crab Canon
- Conceptual Skeletons and Conceptual Mapping
- Recombinant Ideas
- Abstractions, Skeletons, Analogies
- Multiple Representations
- Ports of Access
- Forced Matching
- Recap
- Creativity and Randomness
- Picking up Patterns on All Levels
- The Flexibility of Language
- Intelligence and Emotions
- AI Has Far to Go
- Ten Questions and Speculations
- Sloth Canon
CHAPTER 20: STRANGE LOOPS, OR TANGLED HIERARCHIES
- Can Machines Possess Originality?
- Below Every Tangled Hierarchy Lies An Inviolate Level
- A Self-Modifying Game
- The Authorship Triangle Again
- Escher's Drawing Hands
- Brain and Mind: A Neural Tangle Supporting a Symbol Tangle
- Strange Loops in Government
- Tangles Involving Science and the Occult
- The Nature of Evidence
- Seeing Oneself
- Gödel's Theorem and Other Disciplines
- Introspection and Insanity: A Gödelian Problem
- Can We Understand Our Own Minds or Brains?
- Gödel's Theorem and Personal Nonexistence
- Science and Dualism
- Symbol vs. Object in Modern Music and Art
- Magritte's Semantic Illusions
- The Code" of Modern Art"
- Ism Once Again
- Understanding the Mind
- Accidental Inexplicability of Intelligence?
- Undecidability Is Inseparable from a High-Level Viewpoint
- Consciousness as an Intrinsically High-Level Phenomenon
- Strange Loops as the Crux of Consciousness
- The Self-Symbol and Free Will
- A Gödel Vortex Where All Levels Cross
- An Escher Vortex Where All Levels Cross
- A Bach Vortex Where All Levels Cross
- Six-Part Ricercar