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<p>We love sharing stories that illustrate how deeply “we live this stuff”. ?Hopefully you caught Kara Henry and Stephen Gartside’s . Their results and post-race comments are a source of Newton pride.</p><p>Newton: Describe your experience at the Leadville 100?</p><p>Kara Henry: Looking back, I’ll tell you I had a blast the whole day…but during the race it was a different story.</p><p>I definitely had a few moments of ‘WHAT AM I DOING??’ but luckily those were few and far between. I had an awesome crew who bullied me out of every aid station and never let me sit down. It’s because of that alone that I ran an hour faster than my goal.</p><p></p><p>Stephen Gartside: For me, the Leadville 100 has been a new challenge after years of road marathons. You can’t beat the big open country that makes up the 100-mile route. It gives you some road and plenty of trail, with all kinds of elevation. I find that quite the challenge.</p><p>The day unfolded with 50 miles of pretty easy running, then the 50-mile trip home with pacers, which goes all night. It’s kind of like a party with everyone out there running, pacing and volunteering.? My kind of party and it takes more mentally than just about anything else you can cram into a day.</p><p></p><p>What was your highest high?</p><p>KH: Absolutely hammering the last mile when I realized I could get under 24 hours. Actually, the reason I started pushing was because I saw what I thought was another female racer in front of me…I even made my pacers be super quiet so I could sneak up on ‘her’. When we got close I realized it was a dude with long blonde dreadlocks. I was bummed but at least it got me moving.</p><p>SG: The highest high is when you know you are done with Hope Pass. Or, anytime a good song hits the iPod as you down some fresh caffeine.?Of course, seeing that finish line is pretty sweet.</p><p>What was your lowest low?</p><p>KH: I hate climbing Hope Pass at mile 55 more than anything ever. HATE IT. I told my pacer to stop talking and ‘get me off this f**#$ing mountain.’ (Sorry Thom)</p><p>SG: The lowest low for me in 2013 was losing everything in my stomach at mile 63.? Thank goodness I bounced back pretty fast, which is what you learn running ultras. You can come back from a low point!</p><p>What would you tell someone who is thinking of running an ultra?</p><p>KH: Don’t. Just kidding…I would tell them to find a training partner. I had so much fun training for Leadville this year because I had a great group to run with. Last year I trained on my own and too many hours on the trails alone is NOT good for your social skills.</p><p></p><p>SG: If you are starting out with ultras my advice is slow down and you will be amazed at how far you can travel.? Find friends that share your interests and thus the journey. The Leadville 100 for me each year is more like a 6-month journey of getting ready, leading up to the actual race day.</p><p></p><p>If we asked you the day after the race, would you have said you would run it again? </p><p>KH: Yep! Because I’m a dummy and apparently a masochist.</p><p>SG: After 3 straight years at the Leadville 100, I may need a few years off which means probably returning as a volunteer or pacer for at least 2014-15.</p><p></p><p>What about now, two weeks later? </p><p>KH: Now I’m thinking that I definitely won’t run it next year, but I’ll definitely do it again. I’d like to try a 100 closer to sea level.</p><p>Editor’s Note: If Kara has lead you to believe that her recovery is all about pizza and beer, she has you fooled. Kara is currently running from hut to hut in the Alps in preparation for the U.S. 100 Mile Champs this winter. Shhh…don’t tell her that we told you!</p><p></p><p></p> | <p>We love sharing stories that illustrate how deeply “we live this stuff”. ?Hopefully you caught Kara Henry and Stephen Gartside’s . Their results and post-race comments are a source of Newton pride.</p><p>Newton: Describe your experience at the Leadville 100?</p><p>Kara Henry: Looking back, I’ll tell you I had a blast the whole day…but during the race it was a different story.</p><p>I definitely had a few moments of ‘WHAT AM I DOING??’ but luckily those were few and far between. I had an awesome crew who bullied me out of every aid station and never let me sit down. It’s because of that alone that I ran an hour faster than my goal.</p><p></p><p>Stephen Gartside: For me, the Leadville 100 has been a new challenge after years of road marathons. You can’t beat the big open country that makes up the 100-mile route. It gives you some road and plenty of trail, with all kinds of elevation. I find that quite the challenge.</p><p>The day unfolded with 50 miles of pretty easy running, then the 50-mile trip home with pacers, which goes all night. It’s kind of like a party with everyone out there running, pacing and volunteering.? My kind of party and it takes more mentally than just about anything else you can cram into a day.</p><p></p><p>What was your highest high?</p><p>KH: Absolutely hammering the last mile when I realized I could get under 24 hours. Actually, the reason I started pushing was because I saw what I thought was another female racer in front of me…I even made my pacers be super quiet so I could sneak up on ‘her’. When we got close I realized it was a dude with long blonde dreadlocks. I was bummed but at least it got me moving.</p><p>SG: The highest high is when you know you are done with Hope Pass. Or, anytime a good song hits the iPod as you down some fresh caffeine.?Of course, seeing that finish line is pretty sweet.</p><p>What was your lowest low?</p><p>KH: I hate climbing Hope Pass at mile 55 more than anything ever. HATE IT. I told my pacer to stop talking and ‘get me off this f**#$ing mountain.’ (Sorry Thom)</p><p>SG: The lowest low for me in 2013 was losing everything in my stomach at mile 63.? Thank goodness I bounced back pretty fast, which is what you learn running ultras. You can come back from a low point!</p><p>What would you tell someone who is thinking of running an ultra?</p><p>KH: Don’t. Just kidding…I would tell them to find a training partner. I had so much fun training for Leadville this year because I had a great group to run with. Last year I trained on my own and too many hours on the trails alone is NOT good for your social skills.</p><p></p><p>SG: If you are starting out with ultras my advice is slow down and you will be amazed at how far you can travel.? Find friends that share your interests and thus the journey. The Leadville 100 for me each year is more like a 6-month journey of getting ready, leading up to the actual race day.</p><p></p><p>If we asked you the day after the race, would you have said you would run it again? </p><p>KH: Yep! Because I’m a dummy and apparently a masochist.</p><p>SG: After 3 straight years at the Leadville 100, I may need a few years off which means probably returning as a volunteer or pacer for at least 2014-15.</p><p></p><p>What about now, two weeks later? </p><p>KH: Now I’m thinking that I definitely won’t run it next year, but I’ll definitely do it again. I’d like to try a 100 closer to sea level.</p><p>Editor’s Note: If Kara has lead you to believe that her recovery is all about pizza and beer, she has you fooled. Kara is currently running from hut to hut in the Alps in preparation for the U.S. 100 Mile Champs this winter. Shhh…don’t tell her that we told you!</p><p></p><p></p> | ||
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Revision as of 05:32, 22 November 2013
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On the basis of application in the power control of the base
1.Preface <p>Digital PID control is a control methods that is most generally adopted in process of production, it features that simple in construction, good stability, it is reliable to work, adjustment is convenient, applied to structure and parameter of the controlled object and can’t be totally known or got in the environment of the accurate mathematical model more. Apply the figure PID control algorithm to the Transmission Power Control of the base station, can improve stability and reliability of the transmitted power of the base station greatly, control output power in covering admissible range, unlikely to pass, can’t cover with from requirement meet network planning, while being small, reduce cell coverage area, will produce too strong adjacent base station of signal pair of output, cause the interference. This text analyzes two kinds of common algorithms in the figure PID control algorithm at first, and then discuss their application method in the power control of base station based on ADUC7026 especially, and compare with their test result, provide the conclusion.
2.Digital PID control principle
2.1 Basic principle of PID control
Fig. 1 PID controls the structured flowchart
The regular PID control system functional block diagram is shown as in Fig. 1, its law of control is:
1
In the type is the handling ton, it is a error, is a proportionality factor, is a total mark coefficient, it is a differential coefficient. Not getting on very well briefly, PID control device each corrects the function of links as follows:
1. Proportion links
P control is a simplest control mode, output and input error signal of the control device become proportionate relationships. Once the deflection is produced, the control device produces control action immediately, in order to reduce the deflection.
2. Integration element
The technical definition of applying hyperacoustic beam shaping to the medical use is, produce from public source, from multipart ultrasonic transducer in all phase alignment and totalizing of signal that different time receive. Doppler CWD in the continuous wave In the passway, should carry on phase shift and totalizing to all receiver passways, then drew relevant information. There are two functions in beam shaping: It not merely can transmit directivity to the sensor – -Improve its gain to noise temperature ratio, and can define inner focus of the body, and therefore position back wave.
3. Differentiation element
The differentiation element can reflect the variation tendency the rate of change of the deviation signal ,And before the signal value of the deflection become too big, it is valid to introduce one to revise signals in the system in early days, thus accelerate the systematic action speed and reduce control period [1 ].
2.2 Digital PID control
To facilitate computer through the software implementation PID control algorithm, adopt more figure PID control modes in real application. The figure PID control algorithm usually divides into position type PID control algorithm and increment type PID control algorithm again.
2.2.1 Position type PID control algorithm
According to imitating the algorithmic formula 1 of PID control ,The point kT represents continuous time t constantly by a series of sample, replace the total mark with and the type, substitute the differential with increment, can be similar to as follows:
;
;
;
;
In the type: T is sampling period, k, in order to sample the code number, so long as sampling period T obtains small enough, it can be quite accurate that this kind is approached, then can have:
2
Position type PID control algorithm uses complement to export, so each output relates to state in the past, should be to carrying on totalizing when calculating, the control quantity of CPU output corresponds to the actual positional deviation of the actuating mechanism. Because carry on totalizing to quantity, may present great amplitude variation and and then will cause the great amplitude variation of the actuating mechanism, this kind of situation is unacceptable in actual production, will also cause the major accident in some occasions, therefore has produced increment type PID control algorithm.
2.2.2 Increment type PID control algorithm
When it is the increment of the control quantity that the actuating mechanism is required, can be by formula 2 Derive and offer the PID control formula of increment. Can be had according to the recursion principle
3
Use formula 2 Deduct formula 3 ,Get increment type PID control algorithm:
4
Among them
,
,
[2]
3.The power of base station monitors system block diagram and power control block diagram
The base station power of Fig. 2 monitors the system block diagram
According to each partial functional requirement for the monitoring system of power of base station, systematic structure composition is shown as in Fig. 2, radio frequency signal passing adjustable pad, drive the power amplifier, the power amplifier of last level, the directional coupler launches to the aerial. The microcontroller ADuC7026 gathers the forward direction power value that temperature and current value of drain, power amplifier of two-step LDMOS output on the amplification block of power, back power value, the data that the control device gets gathering convey to the control interface of PC to reveal, users can adjust the control parameter of the monitor system through the human-computer interaction interface. ADuC7026 can offer the Integrated solution for monitoring system of power of base station, thus reduce the complexity that PCB designs and reduce PCB area, save the system cost, and ADuC7026 [3 ] supports external synchronization to sample, it is very beneficial that this pair of TD-SCDMA needing external synchronization to sample should be used.
Automatic power control structured flowchart of Fig. 3
Fig. 3 shows in order to realize the basic structured flowchart of the controlling circuit of automatic power, the output power, for the controlled object, the signal transmission channel is first class adjustable pad and two-step amplifying circuit in the system. The preceding stage power amplifier was realized by ADL5323 [4 ] of ADI Company, the in/output of this chip has already done 50ohm to match, have saved the match circuit of external impedance. The demodulator adopts AD8364 [5 ] of ADI Company, is used for transforming the power value sampled into the correspondent magnitude of voltage. Transform sampling the signal power that is got into the digital signal by ADC in ADuC7026, and then pass PID operation, receive the voltage of controlling the adjustable pad, transforms and exports by internal DAC, can produce different decrement through the control voltage of adjusting the adjustable pad, so as to drive the controllable purpose [6 ] of output power of the power amplifier.
4.PID algorithm realizeKnowing by the power control structured flowchart of Fig. 3, actual output power expression such as formula 5 Shown.
5
Change the digital magnitude of voltage received to convert to the expression such as formula 6 of actual output power value before sampling according to ADC Shown.
6
Among them ADC_Data is a conversion result of ADC, 2.5V is the magnitude of voltage of reference of ADC, 4096 is 12 – input value of bit ADC scale span, it is the transfer function of AD8364, 10dB is the decrement of the coupler.
The output voltage of DAC is decided by different PID algorithmic operation result and transfer function of the adjustable pad, now introduce two kinds of different PID algorithmic procedure, procedure realizing and test result.
4.1 Position type PID algorithm procedure
Position type PID algorithm flowchart of Fig. 4
Correspond to the algorithm flowchart of Fig. 4, PID control box realizes the procedure as follows:
ActualOutputPower =25*float ADCForwardPowerResult/1024-43;
Error = SetOutputPower – ActualOutputPower;
SumError =Error;
Output = Proportion*Error Integral*SumError Derivative* Error – LastError ;
LastError = Error;
DACVoltageValue = float Output 26.1667 *3/31;
SetDACValue = unsigned int DACVoltageValue*4096/2.5 ;
Here, the value of DACVoltageValue is input the signal power, two-stage fixed gain amplifier and transfer function of the adjustable pad determine, the parameter provided in the real procedure is a parameter after systematic linearity correction. Under the ideal situation, suppose the transfer function of the adjustable pad is: Decrement =K * control voltage b, it is that the fixed gain to noise temperature ratio of the gain amplifier of pin two-stage is g1 and g2 to input the signal power, then the output of DAC answers for formula 7 Shown.
7
Fig. 5 shows in order to adopt position type PID algorithm, when the systematic output power is – 1dBm, regulates its output power into – the 10dBm one surveys the curve.
<1.??Digital PID control is a control methods that is most generally adopted in process of production, it features that simple in construction, good stability, it is reliable to work, adjustment is convenient, applied to structure and parameter of the controlled object and can’t be totally known or got in the environment of the accurate mathematical model more. Apply the figure PID control algorithm to the Transmission Power Control of the base station, can improve stability and reliability of the transmitted power of the base station greatly, control output power in covering admissible range, unlikely to pass, can’t cover with from requirement meet network planning, while being small, reduce cell coverage area, will produce too strong adjacent base station of signal pair of output, cause the interference. This text analyzes two kinds of common algorithms in the figure PID control algorithm at first, and then discuss their application method in the power control of base station based on ADUC7026 especially, and compare with their test result, provide the conclusion.
2.Digital PID control principle
2.1 Basic principle of PID control
Fig. 1 PID controls the structured flowchart
The regular PID control system functional block diagram is shown as in Fig. 1, its law of control is:
1
In the type is the handling ton, it is a error, is a proportionality factor, is a total mark coefficient, it is a differential coefficient. Not getting on very well briefly, PID control device each corrects the function of links as follows:
1. Proportion links
P control is a simplest control mode, output and input error signal of the control device become proportionate relationships. Once the deflection is produced, the control device produces control action immediately, in order to reduce the deflection.
2. Integration element
The technical definition of applying hyperacoustic beam shaping to the medical use is, produce from public source, from multipart ultrasonic transducer in all phase alignment and totalizing of signal that different time receive. Doppler CWD in the continuous wave In the passway, should carry on phase shift and totalizing to all receiver passways, then drew relevant information. There are two functions in beam shaping: It not merely can transmit directivity to the sensor – -It is high, his gain to noise temperature ratio, and can define inner focus of the body, and therefore position back wave.
3. Differentiation element
The differentiation element can reflect the variation tendency the rate of change of the deviation signal ,And before the signal value of the deflection become too big, it is valid to introduce one to revise signals in the system in early days, thus accelerate the systematic action speed and reduce control period [1 ].
2.2 Digital PID control
To facilitate computer through the software implementation PID control algorithm, adopt more figure PID control modes in real application. The figure PID control algorithm usually divides into position type PID control algorithm and increment type PID control algorithm again.
2.2.1 Position type PID control algorithm
According to imitating the algorithmic formula 1 of PID control ,The point kT represents continuous time t constantly by a series of sample, replace the total mark with and the type, substitute the differential with increment, can be similar to as follows:
;
;
;
;
In the type: T is sampling period, k, in order to sample the code number, so long as sampling period T obtains small enough, it can be quite accurate that this kind is approached, then can have:
2
Position type PID control algorithm uses complement to export, so each output relates to state in the past, should be to carrying on totalizing when calculating, the control quantity of CPU output corresponds to the actual positional deviation of the actuating mechanism. Because carry on totalizing to quantity, may present great amplitude variation and and then will cause the great amplitude variation of the actuating mechanism, this kind of situation is unacceptable in actual production, will also cause the major accident in some occasions, therefore has produced increment type PID control algorithm.
2.2.2 Increment type PID control algorithm
When it is the increment of the control quantity that the actuating mechanism is required, can be by formula 2 Derive and offer the PID control formula of increment. Can be had according to the recursion principle
3
Use formula 2 Deduct formula 3 ,Get increment type PID control algorithm:
4
Among them
,
,
[2]
3.The power of base station monitors system block diagram and power control block diagram
The base station power of Fig. 2 monitors the system block diagram
According to each partial functional requirement for the monitoring system of power of base station, systematic structure composition is shown as in Fig. 2, radio frequency signal passing adjustable pad, drive the power amplifier, the power amplifier of last level, the directional coupler launches to the aerial. The microcontroller ADuC7026 gathers the forward direction power value that temperature and current value of drain, power amplifier of two-step LDMOS output on the amplification block of power, back power value, the data that the control device gets gathering convey to the control interface of PC to reveal, users can adjust the control parameter of the monitor system through the human-computer interaction interface. ADuC7026 can offer the Integrated solution for monitoring system of power of base station, thus reduce the complexity that PCB designs and reduce PCB area, save the system cost, and ADuC7026 [3 ] supports external synchronization to sample, it is very beneficial that this pair of TD-SCDMA needing external synchronization to sample should be used.
Automatic power control structured flowchart of Fig. 3
Fig. 3 shows in order to realize the basic structured flowchart of the controlling circuit of automatic power, the output power, for the controlled object, the signal transmission channel is first class adjustable pad and two-step amplifying circuit in the system. The preceding stage power amplifier was realized by ADL5323 [4 ] of ADI Company, the in/output of this chip has already done 50ohm to match, have saved the match circuit of external impedance. The demodulator adopts AD8364 [5 ] of ADI Company, is used for transforming the power value sampled into the correspondent magnitude of voltage. Transform sampling the signal power that is got into the digital signal by ADC in ADuC7026, and then pass PID operation, receive, car rear view camera control voltage of adjustable pad, transform, export by internal DAC, produce different decrement through control voltage to change the adjustable pad, so as to drive the controllable purpose [6 ] of output power of the power amplifier.
4.PID algorithm realizeKnowing by the power control structured flowchart of Fig. 3, actual output power expression such as formula 5 Shown.
5
Change the digital magnitude of voltage received to convert to the expression such as formula 6 of actual output power value before sampling according to ADC Shown.
6
Among them ADC_Data is a conversion result of ADC, 2.5V is the magnitude of voltage of reference of ADC, 4096 is 12 – input value of bit ADC scale span, it is the transfer function of AD8364, 10dB is the decrement of the coupler.
The output voltage of DAC is decided by different PID algorithmic operation result and transfer function of the adjustable pad, now introduce two kinds of different PID algorithmic procedure, procedure realizing and test result.
4.1 Position type PID algorithm procedure
Position type PID algorithm flowchart of Fig. 4
Correspond to the algorithm flowchart of Fig. 4, PID control box realizes the procedure as follows:
ActualOutputPower =25*float ADCForwardPowerResult/1024-43;
Error = SetOutputPower – ActualOutputPower;
SumError =Error;
Output = Proportion*Error Integral*SumError Derivative* Error – LastError ;
LastError = Error;
DACVoltageValue = float Output 26.1667 *3/31;
SetDACValue = unsigned int DACVoltageValue*4096/2.5 ;
Here, the value of DACVoltageValue is input the signal power, two-stage fixed gain amplifier and transfer function of the adjustable pad determine, the parameter provided in the real procedure is a parameter after systematic linearity correction. Under the ideal situation, suppose the transfer function of the adjustable pad is: Decrement =K * control voltage b, it is that the fixed gain to noise temperature ratio of the gain amplifier of pin two-stage is g1 and g2 to input the signal power, then the output of DAC answers for formula 7 Shown.
7
Fig. 5 shows in order to adopt position type PID algorithm, when the systematic output power is – 1dBm, regulates its output power into – the 10dBm one surveys the curve.
Fig. 5 changes and expects the change curve position type PID algorithm after the output power
4.2 Increment type PID algorithm procedureIncrement type PID algorithm flowchart of Fig. 6
Correspond to the algorithm flowchart of Fig. 6, PID control box realizes the procedure as follows:
ActualOutputPower =25*float ADCForwardPowerResult/1024-43;
Error = SetOutputPower – ActualOutputPower;
DeltaAttenuation = Proportion*Error-LastError Integral*Error
Derivative*Error-2*LastError PrevError ;
Attenuation = DeltaAttenuation LastAttenuation;
DACVoltageValue = float Attenuation*3/31 3.887 ;
SetDACValue = unsigned int DACVoltageValue*4096/2.5 ;
PrevError = LastError;
LastError = Error;
LastAttenuation = Attenuation;
Here, the value of DACVoltageValue is decided by transfer function of the adjustable pad, the parameter provided in the real procedure is a parameter after systematic linearity correction. Under the ideal situation, suppose the transfer function of the adjustable pad is: Decrement =K * control voltage b, then the output of DAC answers for formula 8 Shown.
8
Fig. 7 shows in order to adopt increment type PID algorithm, when the systematic output power is – 1dBm, regulates its output power into – the 10dBm one surveys the curve.
Fig. 7 changes and expects the change curve increment type PID algorithm after the output power
5.Conclusion
Can be seen by the test result in the front, under the same test condition, the situation of overshoot will appear while adopting position type PID algorithm, increment type control make, improve a bit at the algorithm, avoid the emergence of situation. And because the computer outputs increment, influence is small at the time of the faulty action, the method that can be judged with logic if necessary is removed. Need totalizing in the formula, control determination of increment only until several sampled value have something to do recently, so is easier to obtain better control result through the fact that the weighting is dealt with. So, propose realizing the steady control of the power of base station by increment type PID algorithm.
</p>Voltage transformer short-circuit analysis that carboloy lig
<p>A preface
Some generator transformer SFSZ8-25000/110 of 110kV converting station No. 1 causes the damage of the voltage transformer by accident. The company recycles the voltage transformer back to the works and makes up the accident and unites the group of inquiry, have analyzed the cause of accident, and made and rushed to repair the scheme.
2 accidents pass
The accident is fine on the same day, the temperature is up to 39 . At 26 past 13, the operator heard explosive sound suddenly, the internal sound of generator transformer was unusual on the 1st, heavy gas and differential protection movement of generator transformer of the 1st thereafter, disconnect the three-side circuit breaker of generator transformer, the backout of the voltage transformer runs.
3 voltage transformer damage situations
Coil. – 4 cake turn-to-turn short circuit burning losses, and arch up the looks upper portion 3 cake of low tension winding a looks, b, destruction of insulation of upper end.
2Unshakable in one’s determination. Correspond to low tension winding a looks and b and damage the core column edge burning off in the place. Have the intersection of clamp and a, have two press, nail the intersection of limb and board, loss from weld joint, c looks have first pigeonhole, nail the intersection of limb and board, loss too.
3The device body is insulating. a Looks thick laminated wood, 50mm of end, break, have two 42 pigeonhole, nail together with 55 pigeonholing and nailing the bowl to penetrate, b looks have one pigeonhole and nail and pigeonhole and nail the intersection of limb and board to penetrate too. a Looks and b spy camera looks low tension winding inner fiber container have part that is damaged.
4 fault analysis
By the voltage transformer damage situation, through ocular analysis, think this voltage transformer
And shorts out in the accident the voltage and strike.
4.1 Pass voltage surge
The low tension winding of this voltage transformer is continuous, as shown in Fig. 1. The continuous coil, while entering the wave, the great of intersegmental electrical potential difference of the first several line segments, especially axial and radial synthetic electric field in K place are very strong, it is extremely easy to be punctured while voltage happens. Cook, damage iron from looks, the intersection of b and the intersection of looks and 3 cake – 4 the intersection of cake and turn-to-turn short circuit, a of low tension winding, core column edge situation of burning off accountable, looks and b, a of low tension winding, bear voltage surge to unshakable in one’s determination to puncture, take shape among the circle puncturing, shorting out.
4.2 Short out and assault
Continuous coil line segment synoptic diagram of Fig. 1
The voltage transformer will produce very great axial force and radial force while shorting out. Radial force Fd makes the external coil receive the outside tension, the internal coil is received to the inner pressure as Fig. 2a shows . Axial force can be divided into axial internal force and axial external force, axial internal force Fq1 makes the coil cramp as Fig. 2b shows ,The axial external force Fq2 was caused unevenly because of internal and external coil ampere turns, the coil produced relative displacement in, outside it made, increase unsymmetry as Fig. 2c shows . Pressing and nailing limb board lossing, laminated wood to break and press and nail and penetrate the pressing plate on this voltage transformer clamp, explaining produces very great electric power on the axial; And the looks undervoltage inner fiber container rupture of a looks and b, it is the low tension winding that is received due to inner pressure. These phenomena prove, the voltage transformer is impacted by short circuit current. Because a looks and b the intersection of looks and low tension winding to unshakable in one’s determination to puncture under over voltage, cause the short circuit of the voltage transformer.
Have the above-mentioned the intersection of bipunctate and basic analysis, what is a left one reason cause the intersection of a and phase and the intersection of b and the intersection of phase and over voltage. The trouble takes place on the same day, it is fine, the atmospheric over voltage that the thunder and lightning causes does not exist, temporary over voltage does not exist either, it may be the operating voltage, only several is planted for but the operating voltage: Arcing earth over voltage of the isolated neutral system; Switching-in over voltage of line at no-load; Excise the over voltage of line at no-load; Excise voltage transformer over voltage of idler,etc.. Knowing according to the operation operation note on the same day: Three can not happen, have left only One. The voltage transformer 10kV side adopts the D -shaped connection, without neutral point, it is the isolated neutral system. When the arcing earth of single-phase intermittence takes place, in form carboloy light over voltage at the the intersection of trouble and phase, it is not the over voltage on the trouble looks that can reach as high as nominal voltage of 3.5 times. This voltage transformer a looks and b have born the voltage, it may be that the arcing earth of single-phase intermittence takes place in c. So, coil out from the voltage transformer undervoltage c and look for and find the wall bushing popping metallic conductor partial earth contact that 10kV coils out the switchgear room.
So far, the cause of accident is found out: First of all, the defect exists in 10kV c looks wall bushing, popping takes place under high temperature and large load, form 10kVc arcing earth of single-phase intermittence, thus form carboloy light over voltage on a looks and b looks, cause a looks and b the intersection of looks and the intersection of undervoltage and winding overhang to unshakable in one’s determination to puncture, make the voltage transformer short out. a Looks and b looks form the turn-to-turn short circuit subsequently, differential protection and heavy tile one of generator transformer protect movements, disconnect the voltage transformer three-side circuit breaker, the backout of the voltage transformer runs.
Fig. 2 coil is forced the situation
5 rushes to repair the scheme and measure of rectification and improvement
To the voltage transformer damage situation, having made detailed emergent repairment scheme, winding to the coil again, dealing with again and changing, device body insulator making and fabrication processing again of unshakable in one’s determination silicon electric sheet. Meanwhile, made measure of the following rectification and improvement.
Can be found out by this accident, the voltage transformer exists and resists the voltage and shorts out and assault the weakness not strong of ability, when the works rushes to repair the voltage transformer, put forward several following viewpoints. Add the electric capacity ring on the head end of low tension winding, should strengthen turn insulation to several cakes of end and postlude, strengthen the oil duct, it is unlikely to puncture to guarantee while passing voltage surge, improve and assault the electric intensity. Accomplish ” cramp axially, support radially ” . Ask as to pressing axially critically: a.The laminated wood changes into the epoxy lamination glass fibre board higher in hardness, with better insulating strength; b. Press coil mat and end coil mat densely; c.Do constant voltage to the coil drily; d.Press and nail the limb board and must be strengthened and welded controlling, and add the work bar. As to propping up the requirement radially: Soft paper tube use cardboard cylinder instead, make skeleton, prevent radial electric power oppress low tension winding and produce to unshakable in one’s determination to puncture earthing inside the low tension winding.
2As to the voltage transformer operator of electric company, should strengthen apparatus making an inspection tour and apparatus defect management of the runtime, prevent the accident.
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We love sharing stories that illustrate how deeply “we live this stuff”. ?Hopefully you caught Kara Henry and Stephen Gartside’s . Their results and post-race comments are a source of Newton pride.
Newton: Describe your experience at the Leadville 100?
Kara Henry: Looking back, I’ll tell you I had a blast the whole day…but during the race it was a different story.
I definitely had a few moments of ‘WHAT AM I DOING??’ but luckily those were few and far between. I had an awesome crew who bullied me out of every aid station and never let me sit down. It’s because of that alone that I ran an hour faster than my goal.
Stephen Gartside: For me, the Leadville 100 has been a new challenge after years of road marathons. You can’t beat the big open country that makes up the 100-mile route. It gives you some road and plenty of trail, with all kinds of elevation. I find that quite the challenge.
The day unfolded with 50 miles of pretty easy running, then the 50-mile trip home with pacers, which goes all night. It’s kind of like a party with everyone out there running, pacing and volunteering.? My kind of party and it takes more mentally than just about anything else you can cram into a day.
What was your highest high?
KH: Absolutely hammering the last mile when I realized I could get under 24 hours. Actually, the reason I started pushing was because I saw what I thought was another female racer in front of me…I even made my pacers be super quiet so I could sneak up on ‘her’. When we got close I realized it was a dude with long blonde dreadlocks. I was bummed but at least it got me moving.
SG: The highest high is when airjordanshoes you know you are done with Hope Pass. Or, anytime a good song hits the iPod as you down some fresh caffeine.?Of course, seeing that finish line is pretty sweet.
What was your lowest low?
KH: I hate climbing Hope Pass at mile 55 more than anything ever. HATE IT. I told my pacer to stop talking and ‘get me off this f**#$ing mountain.’ (Sorry Thom)
SG: The lowest low for me in 2013 was losing everything in my stomach at mile 63.? Thank goodness I bounced back pretty fast, which is what you learn running ultras. You can come back from a low point!
What would you tell someone who is thinking of running an ultra?
KH: Don’t. Just kidding…I would tell them to find a training partner. I had so much fun training for Leadville this year because I had a great group to run with. Last year I trained on my own and too many hours on the trails alone is NOT good for your social skills.
SG: If you are starting out with ultras my advice is slow down and you will be amazed at how far you can travel.? Find friends that share your interests and thus the journey. The Leadville 100 for me each year is more like a 6-month journey of getting ready, leading up to the actual race day.
If we asked you the day after the race, would you have said you would run it again?
KH: Yep! Because I’m a dummy and apparently a masochist.
SG: After 3 straight years at the Leadville 100, I may need a few years off which means probably returning as a volunteer or pacer for at least 2014-15.
What about now, two weeks later?
KH: Now I’m thinking that I definitely won’t run it next year, but I’ll definitely do it again. I’d like to try a 100 closer to sea level.
Editor’s Note: If Kara has lead you to believe that her recovery is all about pizza and beer, she has you fooled. Kara is currently running from hut to hut in the Alps in preparation for the U.S. 100 Mile Champs this winter. Shhh…don’t tell her that we told you!
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We love sharing stories that illustrate how deeply “we live this stuff”. ?Hopefully you caught Kara Henry and Stephen Gartside’s . Their results and post-race comments are a source of Newton pride.
Newton: Describe your experience at the Leadville 100?
Kara Henry: Looking back, I’ll tell you I had a blast the whole day…but during the race it was a different story.
I definitely had a few moments of ‘WHAT AM I DOING??’ but luckily those were few and far between. I had an awesome crew who bullied me out of every aid station and never let me sit down. It’s because of that alone that I ran an hour faster than my goal.
Stephen Gartside: For me, the Leadville 100 has been a new challenge after years of road marathons. You can’t beat the big open country that makes up the 100-mile route. It gives you some road and plenty of trail, with all kinds of elevation. I find that quite the challenge.
The day unfolded with 50 miles of pretty easy running, then the 50-mile trip home with pacers, which goes all night. It’s kind of like a party with everyone out there running, pacing and volunteering.? My kind of party and it takes more mentally than just about anything else you can cram into a day.
What was your highest high?
KH: Absolutely hammering the last mile when I realized I could get under 24 hours. Actually, the reason I started pushing was because I saw what I thought was another female racer in front of me…I even made my pacers be super quiet so I could sneak up on ‘her’. When we got close I realized it was a dude with long blonde dreadlocks. I was bummed but at least it got me moving.
SG: The highest high is when you know you are done with Hope Pass. Or, anytime a good song hits the iPod as you down some fresh caffeine.?Of course, seeing that finish line is pretty sweet.
What was your lowest low?
KH: I hate climbing Hope Pass at mile 55 more than anything ever. HATE IT. I told my pacer to stop talking and ‘get me off this f**#$ing mountain.’ (Sorry Thom)
SG: The lowest low for me in 2013 was losing everything in my stomach at mile 63.? Thank goodness I bounced back pretty fast, which is what you learn running ultras. You can come back from a low point!
What would you tell someone who is thinking of running an ultra?
KH: Don’t. Just kidding…I would tell them to find a training partner. I had so much fun training for Leadville this year because I had a great group to run with. Last year I trained on my own and too many hours on the trails alone is NOT good for your social skills.
SG: If you are starting out with ultras my advice is slow down and you will be amazed at how far you can travel.? Find friends that share your interests and thus the journey. The Leadville 100 for me each year is more like a 6-month journey of getting ready, leading up to the actual race day.
If we asked you the day after the race, would you have said you would run it again?
KH: Yep! Because I’m a dummy and apparently a masochist.
SG: After 3 straight years at the Leadville 100, I may need a few years off which means probably returning as a volunteer or pacer for at least 2014-15.
What about now, two weeks later?
KH: Now I’m thinking that I definitely won’t run it next year, but I’ll definitely do it again. I’d like to try a 100 closer to sea level.
Editor’s Note: If Kara has lead you to believe that her recovery is all about pizza and beer, she has you fooled. Kara is currently running from hut to hut in the Alps in preparation for the U.S. 100 Mile Champs this winter. Shhh…don’t tell her that we told you!
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