Lenapehoking

From Rickyrabpedia

Lenapehoking is the land "originally" (in earliest historical times) occupied by the Lenape people, and it is an interesting land, even if it is split up among several states of the USA. The only state wholly in Lenapehoking is New Jersey; eastern Pennsylvania is also in Lenapehoking, as are lower upstate New York, northern Delaware, a few chunks of westernmost Connecticut, a northeastern corner of Maryland, and perhaps Nassau and Suffolk County, on Long Island. Functionally, Lenapehoking today consists of the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA, the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA, the Atlantic City-Hammonton MSA, the Ocean City and Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton MSAs, the Trenton-Ewing MSA, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton MSA, Monroe and Pike Counties in Pennsylvania, Ulster and Sullivan Counties in New York, the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA, and perhaps the Pennsylvania counties immediately to the west of the aforementioned area. It is almost entirely contained within Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas; the exceptions are Sullivan County in New York and at least part of Wayne County in Pennsylvania.

A different version of functional Lenapehoking:

  1. Fairfield County, CT
  2. Kent County, DE
  3. New Castle County, DE
  4. All counties in NJ (Atlantic, Burlington, Bergen, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Morris, Passaic, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, Union, Warren)
  5. Cecil County, MD
  6. The five boroughs of NYC and two counties of Long Island (Bronx, Queens, New York, Kings, Richmond, Nassau, Suffolk)
  7. Dutchess County, NY
  8. Orange County, NY
  9. Putnam County, NY
  10. Rockland County, NY
  11. Sullivan County, NY
  12. Ulster County, NY
  13. Westchester County, NY
  14. Bucks County, PA
  15. Berks County, PA
  16. Chester County, PA
  17. Delaware County, PA
  18. Lancaster County, PA
  19. Lebanon County, PA
  20. Lehigh County, PA
  21. Monroe County, PA
  22. Montgomery County, PA
  23. Northampton County, PA
  24. Philadelphia, PA
  25. Pike County, PA
  26. Wayne County, PA
  27. York County, PA

Contents

Major cities of Lenapehoking

  1. New York City
  2. Philadelphia
  3. Atlantic City
  4. Also: New Brunswick, Newark, perhaps Reading and Lancaster, Newark (Delaware), Ocean City, Trenton, Camden, perhaps Stamford, Bridgeport

History of Lenapehoking

The main articles for this section are History of Lenapehoking and Lenapehoking History.

Below is material copied from Wikipedia, articles New Jersey, New York City, and [Philadelphia as of 3:30 pm, EST, 12/20/2012, and the following four-hour period

Early history

The main article for this section is Precolumbian Lenapehoking.

In the Precolumbian, or Hitami Columbus, ages, the Lenapehoking area was once in the middle of the supercontinent Pangaea, next to northern Africa. Then the Atlantic Ocean opened up, and Lenapehoking gradually formed as the mountains eroded. Some 18,000 years ago, glaciers reached Lenapehoking and ended in a terminal moraine that straddled the land across its middle, producing Staten Island and Long Island, and perhaps the Watchung Mountains. Meltwater from those glaciers produced an enormous lake, Lake Passaic, which drained, and numerous other bodies of water. Native Americans came into Lenapehoking over the next several thousand years, including the ancestors of the Lenape, who were ultimately the land's inhabitants.

The main article for this section is Early European contact with Lenapehoking.

In the era of the Discoverers, or "They found them" (Moxkameneyo) period, life in Lenapehoking changed drastically, as Europeans and Lenape came into contact. Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing for France, was the first European expedition leader on record to visit Lenapehoking, followed by Esteban Gomez, sailing for Spain. Settlement of Lenapehoking by Europeans didn't begin, however, until after Henry Hudson, sailing for the Dutch, landed there in 1609.

Colonial era

The main article for this section is Lenapehoking during the colonial era.

After the age of the Discoverers came the European settlers' era, the age of Utenay Awen Europa* (European town dwellers).

The Dutch founded a trading post and then a series of towns along the Hudson River in the early 17th century. While the Pilgrims (of Thanksgiving fame) aimed a ship at northern Lenapehoking, they landed (and settled) north of Lenapehoking, in lands that had been inhabited by other Algonquian-language speakers. The Swedes, however, settled along the Delaware River, a fact contested by the Dutch, who took over the Swedish settlements, but let them have autonomy anyway. The Dutch surrendered New Netherland to the English without a fight in 1664, turning it into New York, and the territory reverted to Dutch control several years later. The settlement to the Second Anglo-Dutch War returned New Netherland to the English, as New York, in return for the island of Run. The Duke of York, to whom the land was given (along with Haudenosaunee lands to the north), gave most of Lenapehoking to two friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. This land became New Jersey, and then the Jerseys, and was reunited a few decades later into New Jersey. King Charles II of England repaid a debt to William Penn with a charter to a large expanse of land, including western Lenapehoking, which eventually became known as "Pennsylvania". However, Penn considered the Lenape to be the actual owners of the land, and so a deal (or treaty) was struck at Shackamaxon for use of the land. Later on, Delaware was founded.

New York and Philadelphia grew into major colonial cities, and the Lenape were nudged and forced to the west, to lands now in western Pennsylvania and Ohio. Both cities became trading ports, centers of communication, sites of political sentiment, immigration centers, and, ultimately, cities involved in the American Revolution, one being held by the British (New York), the other being a center of the revolutionaries (Philadelphia).


  • It would be nice if someone knowledgable in Lenape language were to correct me if I'm wrong on the grammar here. The Lenape period names involved are neologisms, invented by me, but based on the Lenape Talking Dictionary, and I'm not sure how exactly to string adjectives together in Lenape.

Late 18th century and Revolutionary period

The main article for this section is American Revolution in Lenapehoking.

The American Revolution, or Kwelepi Meliken (American Turnaround), rocked Lenapehoking pretty severely. The land was a center for the Revolution because it was in the middle of what were then the Thirteen Colonies, with New England to the north and the Southern plantation colonies to the south. Several battles were fought across Lenapehoking, with the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of Monmouth being notable. New York City was burned down; after the war, it became the capital of the country, followed by Philadelphia, and a new capital was built south of Lenapehoking, near what used to be Powhatan Renape territory.

Early 19th Century

The main article for this section is early 19th Century Lenapehoking.

Next came the early 19th century, Alapae Telen Ok Peshkunk Txapxki Kahten(ak?) (Early in the morning of the 1900 Years)**.

New York and Philadelphia raced to develop their western hinterlands during the first half of the nineteenth century, New York with the Erie Canal and Philadelphia with its Main Line of Public Works. New York, having ready access to the Great Lakes, was ultimately more successful. Industrialization and immigration were rampant, with the Germans and Irish fleeing catastrophes from their homelands. Slavery faded from Lenapehoking, which came to be included with the Union during the American Civil War, albeit with some Southern sentiments percolating through. Canal, turnpike, and railroad construction were widespread, as infrastructure expansion was urgently needed.


    • I could not find "century" in the Lenape Talking Dictionary, or even the isolated word "early", so "early in the morning" will have to do, and "century" was constructed from "hundred" and "year". Someone with a better knowledge of Lenape should feel free to correct me.

Civil War period

The main article for this section is Lenapehoking during the American Civil War.

During the Mahtaken Melikanike (War Among the Americans, or Civil War***), Lenapehoking was in the North. While the fighting and battles largely avoided Lenapehoking (Gettysburg was among the closest major battles), the war affected Lenapehoking through politics and infighting, especially since New York City was Democratic territory before the war, and black people (pretty much the subject of the war itself) were among the local ethnicities. New Jersey, meanwhile, voted for someone other than Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and 1864. Some secessionists wanted New York City to secede at the onset of the war, but nobody bothered to act on that idea. More seriously, race riots broke out, as the black migrants and European immigrants found themselves at odds with each other, and numerous buildings were burned down and people killed.


      • This term was derived from "Melikan" (American), "lenapeike" (among the Lenapes), and "Mahtaken" (fight, war), there being no term in the Talking Dictionary for "civil war". The dictionary searches by bunch of letters, and the combination "war" is part of the word "Delaware", so "lenapeike" was easily discoverable when I went to look up the word "war" (the definition of "lenapeike" was listed as "among the Delawares").

Late 19th Century

The main article for this section is Late 19th century Lenapehoking.

The Tahkoken Telen Ok Peshkunk Txapxki Kahten(ak?) (Autumn [of] the 1900 Years) was an era in which immigrants came into Lenapehoking from places such as southern and eastern Europe, swelling the population, and new technologies helped to make life easier for the Lenapehokingers, such as elevated trains and electric light. The big cities expanded; there was some fragmentation of the smaller municipalities, and streetcar suburbs began to form.

20th Century

The main article for this section is 20th century Lenapehoking.

Lenapehoking was further transformed during the Nishinxke Txapxki Kahten(ak?) (2000 Years), the 20th Century. Skyscrapers were built in the major cities, and transportation networks became more intricate and more automobile-oriented, coming to include airports as well as automobile highways and subways. Immigration peaked early in the century, which was well into the age of the Kitutenay Awen, the big-city dwellers. This was when my ancestors showed up, mostly in New York City, but a couple managed to sire one of my grandpas in Philadelphia. (He eventually moved to New York as well.) They hailed from "Russia" (Ukraine and possibly Poland and Belarus) and "Hungary" (which included what is now Slovak and Ukrainian territory at the time). Since the primary language spoken in Lenapehoking was that of Lenapehoking's "mother country", the USA, and that language was English, that's what they learned and that's what I learned. But the old mother tongues of my family were Yiddish and perhaps Ukrainian and definitely Hungarian and perhaps some Polish and/or Russian as well.

Anyhow, the immigrants worked their way up through the system and educated themselves, dealing with corrupt politicians and discrimination along the way. The First World War broke out across the ocean, sparking some interesting explosions in Lenapehoking (the Black Tom explosion and a factory explosion being among them). After the war, there was yet another explosion (a bomb went off on Wall Street). Then came the stock market boom and crash, the Great Depression, World War II, suburbanization, white flight and the struggle against deindustrialization, and the revival of New York City (and, a little bit later and not quite as vigorously, Philadelphia).

21st Century

The main article for this section is 21st century Lenapehoking.

In the Nishinxke Ok Kweti Txapxki Kahten(ak), or 2100 Years (21st century), Lenapehoking is a diverse, evolving place. It has an Indian-American population in parts, coming all the way from India, as well as a Jewish population (it is now one of the major centers of the Jewish world), an Irish-American and Italian-American population, a Lebanese population, a black population, a Latino population, and various other groups of people, including some Native Americans (although the Lenape themselves are mostly away, in places such as Ontario and Oklahoma). There are also Chinese-American and Korean-American populations, and, judging from the extent of Japanese cuisine inundation, at least a few Japanese folks as well. It has had its troubles, though. Two of the four airplane crashes of 9/11 happened in Lenapehoking (the third occurred in the side of the Pentagon, to the south, and the fourth occurred to the west), and hurricanes Irene and Sandy packed a mighty punch and wrecked quite a bit of land.

Demographics of Lenapehoking

Source of the below chart: 2010 U.S. Census

Location Population Other characteristics
Fairfield County, CT 916,829 0
Kent County, DE 162,310 0
New Castle County, DE 538,479 0
Atlantic County, NJ 274,549 0
Burlington County, NJ 448,734 0
Bergen County, NJ 905,116 0
Camden County, NJ 513,657 0
Cape May County, NJ 97,265 0
Cumberland County, NJ 156,898 0
Essex County, NJ 783,969 0
Gloucester County, NJ 288,288 0
Hudson County, NJ 634,266 0
Hunterdon County, NJ 128,349 0
Mercer County, NJ 366,513 0
Middlesex County, NJ 809,858 0
Monmouth County, NJ 630,380 0
Ocean County, NJ 576,567 0
Morris County, NJ 492,276 0
Passaic County, NJ 501,226 0
Salem County, NJ 66,083 0
Somerset County, NJ 323,444 0
Sussex County, NJ 149,265 0
Union County, NJ 536,499 0
Warren County, NJ 108,692 0
Cecil County, MD 101,108 0
Bronx County, NY 1,385,108 0
Queens County, NY 2,230,722 0
New York County, NY 1,585,873 0
Kings County, NY 2,504,700 0
Richmond County, NY 468,730 0
Nassau County, NY 1,339,532 0
Suffolk County, NY 1,493,350 0
Dutchess County, NY 297,488 0
Orange County, NY 372,813 0
Putnam County, NY 99,710 0
Rockland County, NY 311,687 0
Sullivan County, NY 77,547 0
Ulster County, NY 182,493 0
Westchester County, NY 949,113 0
Bucks County, PA 625,249 0
Berks County, PA 411,442 0
Chester County, PA 498,886 0
Delaware County, PA 558,972 0
Lancaster County, PA 519,445 0
Lebanon County, PA 133,568 0
Lehigh County, PA 349,497 0
Monroe County, PA 169,842 0
Montgomery County, PA 799,881 0
Northampton County, PA 297,735 0
Philadelphia, PA 1,526,006 0
Pike County, PA 57,369 0
Wayne County, PA 52,822 0
York County, PA 434,972 0
Total 30,245,172 0
  1. Fairfield County, CT
  2. Kent County, DE
  3. New Castle County, DE
  4. All counties in NJ (Atlantic, Burlington, Bergen, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Morris, Passaic, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, Union, Warren)
  5. Cecil County, MD
  6. The five boroughs of NYC and two counties of Long Island (Bronx, Queens, New York, Kings, Richmond, Nassau, Suffolk)
  7. Dutchess County, NY
  8. Orange County, NY
  9. Putnam County, NY
  10. Rockland County, NY
  11. Sullivan County, NY
  12. Ulster County, NY
  13. Westchester County, NY
  14. Bucks County, PA
  15. Berks County, PA
  16. Chester County, PA
  17. Delaware County, PA
  18. Lancaster County, PA
  19. Lebanon County, PA
  20. Lehigh County, PA
  21. Monroe County, PA
  22. Montgomery County, PA
  23. Northampton County, PA
  24. Philadelphia, PA
  25. Pike County, PA
  26. Wayne County, PA
  27. York County, PA

Transportation in Lenapehoking

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